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However, the differences in their efficacy have not been determined. We aimed to compare the effects of these treatments excluding surgery via a systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Source<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data sources included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane up to February 1st, 2023. The endpoints consisted of body mass index (BMI), serum markers of metabolism and liver injury markers, liver fat content, and stiffness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 174 studies with 10,183 patients were included in this meta\u2010analysis. In terms of improving BMI, Pan\u2010agonist of peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptors (PPAR) is the best treatment with the highest SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking) of 84.8% (mean\u2009=\u2009\u22123.40, 95% CI \u22125.55, \u22121.24) by the comparative effectiveness ranking. GLP\u20101 (glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101) has the best effect in improving the liver fat content based on the MRI\u2010PDFF, steatosis score (SUCRA 99.7%, mean\u2009=\u2009\u22122.19, 95% CI \u22122.90, \u22121.48) and ballooning score (SUCRA 61.2%, mean\u2009=\u2009\u22120.82, 95% CI \u22124.46, 2.83).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pan\u2010agonist of PPAR was the most efficacious regimen in lowering BMIs, whereas GLP\u20101R agonists achieved the highest efficacy of steatosis improvement in this network meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/obr13727-toc-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T07:02:10Z","timestamp":1711004530000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Optimized strategy among diet, exercise, and pharmacological interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A network meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences) Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youpeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou 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