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In this systematic review, we aimed to compare the effect of different hypocaloric diets on reductions in total body weight, liver volume, glucose and insulin concentrations, and side effects. Six databases were searched for articles including adults with BMI \u226535\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> treated with hypocaloric diets before metabolic bariatric surgery. Hypocaloric diets were categorized as (1) low\u2010energy diet containing 800\u20131200\u2009kcal\/day for 2\u20134\u00a0weeks, (2) very low\u2010energy diet containing 450\u2013&lt;800\u2009kcal\/day for 2\u20134\u00a0weeks, and (3) low\u2010energy diet containing 800\u20131200\u2009kcal\/day for &gt;4\u00a0weeks. Thirty\u2010three articles (1868 patients) were included, and if data were sufficient, synthesis without meta\u2010analysis was conducted. A low\u2010energy diet and very low\u2010energy diet for 2\u20134\u2009weeks resulted in similar reductions in total body weight, but longer treatment correlated to a more pronounced weight reduction. In addition, a low\u2010energy diet for 2\u20134\u2009weeks led to decreased liver volume, which might facilitate the surgical procedure. Insulin resistance was generally reduced after a low\u2010energy diet for 2\u20134\u2009weeks. However, most studies were within\u2010group control, and since more than 60% of the studies lacked variance measures for our outcomes, we did not perform a meta\u2010analysis. Accordingly, our results should be interpreted carefully. 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