{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:30:38Z","timestamp":1790652638913,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity is a potential risk factor for anemia in children. This systematic review (SR) was undertaken to estimate the association of obesity with iron deficiency (ID) and ID anemia (IDA), in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search for observational studies was done in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane library, with additional hand\u2010searching. Two reviewers independently screened the search output, included eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality using the National Institutes of Health tool. The main outcomes were association of obesity with anemia (IDA), and ID. Secondary outcomes were hemoglobin level, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor saturation, and hepcidin. Meta\u2010analysis was done using a random\u2010effects model. Comparisons were expressed through pooled OR with 95% CI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010two studies comprising one cohort, 29 cross\u2010sectional, and 12 case\u2013control studies comparing 16,633 children living with obesity and 32,573 children without obesity were included. The pooled OR (95% CI) for ID was 1.64 (1.22, 2.21), 16 studies, 20,949 children; and 0.78 (0.43, 1.43), 17 studies, 40,022 children, for IDA. The pooled prevalence of ID was 20.07% (14.98, 25.16) among children living with obesity (16 studies, 3147 children), compared to 16.1% (11.82, 20.38) in children without obesity. Children living with obesity had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin, iron, % transferrin saturation, and higher levels of ferritin and hepcidin than children without obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a significant association between iron deficiency and obesity in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T03:54:22Z","timestamp":1737604462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Association of iron deficiency and anemia with obesity among children: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4062-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Purohit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lovely","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kulbir","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranita","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2866-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003\u20100373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Obesity and Overweight","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16030340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v93iS3.13075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892\u2010018\u20101062\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22915"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"1345","article-title":"Obesity in children and adolescents\u2014a new epidemic? Consequences in adult life","volume":"14","author":"Mici\u0107 D","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.709204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2012.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010020\u20100522\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2023.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100609.2012.01781.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2022.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"SachdevaM KaurK RanaM PradhanP SainiS MathewJL.Association of anemia with obesity among children: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis.. PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023400245 Available from:https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php? ID=CRD42023400245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention and Control, A Guide for Programme Managers","author":"WHO U"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (n.d.).Study quality assessment tools. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5) [Computer program]. Version 5.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing [Computer program]. Version 3.4.2. Vienna ARFfSC 2017. Available atwww.R-project.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.12817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010022\u201001196\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.162.4.374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12816\/0024114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EPX.0000451827.84315.5c"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"862","article-title":"Anemia and nutritional status of schoolchildren living at Saudi high altitute area","volume":"27","author":"Abou\u2010Zeid A","year":"2006","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010010\u20108878\u20108"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"2396","article-title":"The evaluation of selected serum mineral concentrations and their association with insulin resistance in obese adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Suliburska J","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1824\u20107288\u201037\u201034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03185937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000351941"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026\u20104946.16.04273\u20100"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Are obese children at increased risk of micronutrient deficiency?","volume":"39","author":"Ghaemi N","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pakistan Pediatric Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1824\u20107288\u201040\u201020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9944035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55729\/2000\u20109666.1110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007\u20100572"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519\u2010009\u20100052\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.084764"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038\u2010018\u20101088\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980009005187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009\u20101361"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601473"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.10.044"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Obesity and malnutrition among Hispanic children in the United States: double burden on health inequities","volume":"34","author":"Iriart C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia and its relation to socio\u2010demographic factors: cross\u2010sectional study among adolescent boys in urban Meerut, India","volume":"3","author":"Jain T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430\u2010020\u20100590\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.005439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431\u2010006\u20100178\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511005952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2019.0276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Obesity, overweight and anemia in children from a rural area of Lima, Peru","volume":"75","author":"Rodriguez M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2004.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2022.111864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019003604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.07.043497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102024\u2010015135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2008.08.00176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008923200"}],"container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/obr.13892","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T01:06:14Z","timestamp":1748567174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/obr.13892"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/obr.13892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13892","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-7881","1467-789X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-7881","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-789X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13892"}}