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We searched Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases. Overweight and obesity proportions were pooled into a meta\u2010analysis and compared with national prevalences.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Seventy\u2010one studies met the inclusion criteria; 38 were included in the meta\u2010analysis. Studies in high\u2010income countries reported higher proportions of overweight and obesity (73.3%, 95% CI 73.1, 73.5) than upper\u2010middle\u2010income countries (66.1%, 95% CI 64.1, 67.7) and lower\u2010middle\u2010income countries (52.8%, 95% CI 47.1, 58.1). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in female incarcerated individuals was higher than that in the general population (RD 11.7%, 95% CI 9.1, 14.3), especially in low and middle\u2010income countries (RD 35.1%, 95% CI 29.4, 40.7). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in male incarcerated individuals was lower than that in the general population in all income categories (RD \u201010.8%, 95% CI \u201013.2, \u22128.4). Incarcerated individuals in low and lower\u2010middle\u2010income countries were less likely to achieve sufficient energy intake, fruit\/vegetable intake, and sufficient physical activity, compared with high\u2010 and upper\u2010middle\u2010income countries.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The prevalence of overweight and obesity in incarcerated populations differed between developed and developing countries. Future research should focus on female incarcerated individuals, especially in lower\u2010middle\u2010income countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T03:24:26Z","timestamp":1739417066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence of overweight and obesity in incarcerated individuals in developed and developing countries: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Leonida Nyarwaba","family":"Mosomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9441-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magaly","family":"Aceves\u2010Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2750-3914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baukje","family":"de Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research.I. 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