{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:08:56Z","timestamp":1787166536954,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tirzepatide has positive effects on weight loss in individuals with overweight or obesity. Considering its broad side\u2010effect profile, its efficacy and safety in individuals without diabetes mellitus (DM) are yet to be fully understood. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive meta\u2010analysis of six randomized trials on individuals with overweight or obesity, without DM, which showed that tirzepatide, when compared with placebo, resulted in a change in percentage body weight with a mean difference (MD) of \u221216.32% (95% CI: \u221218.35 to \u221214.29) and change in absolute body weight in kilograms (MD \u221213.95\u2009kg; \u221218.83 to \u22129.07). There were significant reductions in body mass index and waist circumference when compared with placebo, with MDs of \u22125.89\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\u22128.97 to \u22122.81) and \u221212.31\u2009cm (\u221213.93 to \u221210.68), respectively. It was associated with gastrointestinal (GI) side effects: nausea (relative risk [RR] 3.11; 2.74\u20133.54), vomiting (RR 5.94; 4.50\u20137.85), diarrhea (RR 2.92; 2.53\u20133.37), and constipation (RR 2.85; 2.38\u20133.42). Serious adverse events were not statistically significant (RR 0.93; 0.76\u20131.13), but serious GI events and discontinuation due to adverse events were significant (RRs 3.07; 2.03\u20134.66, and 2.29; 1.74\u20133.01, respectively). In conclusion, this meta\u2010analysis suggests that in patients with overweight or obesity without DM, tirzepatide is effective for significant weight loss. Though the overall risk of serious adverse events is not higher compared with placebo, it carries an elevated risk of GI side effects, serious GI events, and discontinuation due to adverse effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T05:00:46Z","timestamp":1749790846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide on Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4430-9830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharath","family":"Kommu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine Marshfield Clinic Health System  Rice Lake Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Param\u00a0P.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Marshfield Clinic Health System  Marshfield Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel\u00a0M.","family":"Gabor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research Computing and Analytics Marshfield Clinic Research Institute  Marshfield Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"T.Lobstein H.Brinsden andM.Neveux \u201cWorld Obesity Atlas 2022 \u201d (2022) https:\/\/www.worldobesity.org\/resources\/resource\u2010library\/world\u2010obesity\u2010atlas\u20102022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000973"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr2409089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration \u201cFDA News Release. FDA Approves New Drug Treatment for Chronic Weight Management\u201d (2023) https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news\u2010events\/press\u2010announcements\/fda\u2010approves\u2010new\u2010medication\u2010chronic\u2010weight\u2010management."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(23)01200\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010023\u201002597\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.24945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010023\u201001321\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1277113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010023\u201001337\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096\u2010024\u201001779\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental\u20102019\u2010300117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.9217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2404881"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"\u201cA Study to Measure Energy Expenditure and Food Intake in Participants With Obesity Using Tirzepatide \u201dhttps:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04081337."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes23031"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Characteristics and Significance of Criteria for Obesity Disease in Japan 2011","volume":"71","author":"Takahashi H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Predictive Values of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference for Risk Factors of Certain Related Diseases in Chinese Adults\u2014Study on Optimal Cut\u2010Off Points of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Chinese Adults","volume":"15","author":"Zhou B. 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