{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:50:22Z","timestamp":1772999422785,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Smartphone application (app)\u2010based interventions to prevent Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are becoming increasingly available. A thorough summary of their effectiveness is lacking. We synthesized evidence on the effectiveness of app\u2010based interventions to prevent T2D targeting individuals with prediabetes. For this systematic review and meta\u2010analysis, we searched Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, PubMed Central, and Medline between January 1, 2013, and January 31, 2024, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effectiveness of app\u2010based interventions to prevent T2D targeting individuals with prediabetes, published in English, without restrictions regarding the effectiveness outcome. We synthesized all outcomes graphically via effect directions and conducted meta\u2010analyses for clinical outcomes, including the Risk of Bias 2 Tool. This study was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023491693) and OSF (DOI\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/B89QP\">10.17605\/OSF.IO\/B89QP<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ). Of 9703 articles, 18 RCTs were included in the systematic review, and 15 RCTs in the meta\u2010analysis. We found statistically significant reductions in body weight (\u22121.35\u2009kg, 95% CI: [\u22122.48; \u22120.23],\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913 RCTs), body mass index (\u22120.53\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 95% CI: [\u22120.97; \u22120.09],\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911 RCTs), and glycated hemoglobin (\u22120.08%, 95% CI: [\u22120.10; \u22120.05],\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911 RCTs) and point estimates and\/or effect directions predominantly suggesting improvements for additional outcomes. Stratified meta\u2010analyses showed no statistically significant between\u2010group differences and missing evidence for long\u2010term effectiveness and equity\u2010relevant subgroups. Our study shows that app\u2010based interventions can improve outcomes (i.e., motivation, behavior, and clinical parameters) in individuals with prediabetes. The effect on clinical outcomes is small. Evidence on equity impacts, long\u2010term effectiveness, and diabetes incidence is missing and remains to be investigated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T01:09:59Z","timestamp":1761008999000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Smartphone Application\u2010Based Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Individuals With Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8810-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Suhlrie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professorship of Public Health and Prevention TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Abdelmalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professorship of Public Health and Prevention TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professorship of Public Health and Prevention TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Hauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nutritional Medicine TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels\u00a0Ole","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professorship of Public Health and Prevention TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2010Janina","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professorship of Public Health and Prevention TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Laxy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professorship of Public Health and Prevention TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"Magliano D. 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