{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:27:29Z","timestamp":1789550849449,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital health interventions are effective for weight management and improving dietary intake, but studies in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) and Indigenous populations are limited. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of digital health interventions on body weight and dietary intake outcomes in CALD and Indigenous populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched on December 28, 2022 (PROSPERO: CRD42023394058). Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in high\u2010income English\u2010speaking countries with free\u2010living adults \u2265\u200918\u2009years. Trials had to report both weight and dietary outcomes, with \u2265\u200950% participants from CALD\/Indigenous backgrounds or outcomes reported by race\/ethnicity. Two reviewers independently screened records. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Results were synthesized descriptively and presented in graphs and tables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From the 1984 records identified, nine RCTs were included, which involved a total of 2716 participants. Eight trials were conducted in the United States, and only one trial included Indigenous participants. Significant body weight changes occurred in three trials. Significant diet quality changes occurred in three trials. Most trials had high retention rates (\u2265\u200980%) but low intervention adherence (&lt;\u200950%). Risk of bias was low for most trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited evidence supports the effectiveness of digital health interventions for improving body weight and dietary intake outcomes in CALD and Indigenous populations. The predominance of US\u2010based trials, female\u2010dominated samples, and hybrid intervention designs limits generalizability. Future research should prioritize inclusive practices and standalone digital designs to establish effectiveness in these populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T06:55:36Z","timestamp":1762239336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effectiveness of Digital Health Interventions on Body Weight and Dietary Intake Outcomes Among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) and Indigenous Populations: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7563-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Curtin Medical Research Institute Curtin University  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9523-8588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayley","family":"Breare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan\u00a0E.","family":"Rollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara\u00a0A.","family":"Mullan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Enable Institute Curtin University  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina\u00a0M.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Curtin Medical Research Institute Curtin University  Perth Australia"},{"name":"Enable Institute Curtin University  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah\u00a0A.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Curtin Medical Research Institute Curtin University  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satvinder\u00a0S.","family":"Dhaliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical Research Institute Curtin University  Perth Australia"},{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Medical School National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore University of Social Sciences  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5448-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Begley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Population Health Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Curtin Medical Research Institute Curtin University  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"World Health Statistics 2023: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.14741"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2019.1635921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2327\u20106924.12510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"National Strategic Framework for Chronic Conditions","author":"Australian Health Ministers' Advisory Council","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17407745211069153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102020\u2010037643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Strategy on Digital Health 2020\u20102025.2021 https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/344249\/9789240020924\u2010eng.pdf?sequence=1."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Classification of Digital Interventions Services and Applications in Health. 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