{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:18:47Z","timestamp":1787015927128,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The global rise in dementia, including early\u2010onset cases, imposes a growing burden on patients and caregivers. While midlife obesity is a recognized risk factor, the role of body weight fluctuation in dementia and cognitive decline remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis examined the association between weight variability and the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, supplemented by manual searches, up to July 2024. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated through pairwise meta\u2010analysis, with subgroup analyses conducted to explore heterogeneity. Additionally, the quality of the included studies and the certainty of the evidence were assessed using the \u201cRisk of Bias in Non\u2010randomized Studies of Interventions\u201d (ROBINS\u2010I) tool and the GRADE Tool, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the lowest levels of weight fluctuation, the highest levels were associated with an increased risk of all\u2010cause dementia (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.29\u20131.52), Alzheimer's disease (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.21\u20131.45), and vascular dementia (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.16\u20131.67). No significant association was observed with cognitive decline. No clear source of heterogeneity was identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High body weight fluctuation is associated with an elevated risk of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. These findings highlight weight stability as a potential target for dementia prevention strategies. Further high\u2010quality studies are warranted to clarify underlying mechanisms and long\u2010term implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T05:10:28Z","timestamp":1764652228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Association Between Body Weight Variability and Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Cohort Studies With the GRADE Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Minoo","family":"HasanRashedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee Iran University 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