{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T18:53:04Z","timestamp":1788807184841,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2023 and 2024, research into semaglutide (SEMA), an antiobesity and antidiabetic medication, indicated potential benefits beyond its approved uses, particularly in preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD). This highlights the link between obesity and AD development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis evaluates clinical studies assessing SEMA's effects on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT\/VAT) measures, brain function, cognitive performance through cognitive tasks, and the incidence of cognitive disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched databases for studies evaluating these outcomes pre\u2010 and post\u2010SEMA treatment, with the last update on November 9, 2024. We included studies regardless of treatment duration, estimating pre\u2010post standardized mean differences (SMD) for one\u2010group and two\u2010group designs using a random\u2010effects model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 23 studies: 18 on SAT\/VAT outcomes and five on brain function and cognitive impairment. Meta\u2010analyses revealed significant VAT reductions but no significant impact on SAT. SEMA demonstrated neuroprotective effects, lowering the risk of AD compared to various treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our systematic appraisal highlighted high heterogeneity across available original investigations. Within this context, meta\u2010analytic findings suggest that SEMA may be able to promote VAT loss and support cognitive preservation. Sequencing these effects, VAT loss and cognitive preservation, is an important question open for further exploration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:07:48Z","timestamp":1773029268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Semaglutide Effects on Adipose Tissue and Emerging Effects on Brain and Cognition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0945-8443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amene","family":"Saghazadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Dolatshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soheil","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Hosseinzadeh","family":"Kassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahshid","family":"Naghashzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude B.","family":"Sirlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology University of California  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Mittendorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Nutrition &amp; Exercise Physiology University of Missouri School of Medicine  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Brier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne E.","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC) Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC) Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani Charles","family":"Soudah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammie L. 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