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The pooled effect sizes were estimated using a random\u2010effects model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 24 eligible studies were included in the meta\u2010analysis. Transitioning from normal weight to obesity was significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (effect size [ES]\u2009=\u20091.170, 95% CI: 1.096, 1.245), pancreatic cancer (ES\u2009=\u20091.337, 95% CI: 1.247, 1.426), kidney cancer (ES\u2009=\u20092.122, 95% CI: 1.619, 2.624), and liver cancer (ES\u2009=\u20091.777, 95% CI: 1.261, 2.293), compared to those in the stable normal weight trajectory. No significant difference in the risk of breast or prostate cancer was observed when comparing various BMI trajectories to a stable normal BMI trajectory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that lifetime BMI trajectories influence cancer risk, with a transition from normal BMI to higher levels associated with an increased risk of cancer. The impact varied by trajectory and cancer type. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T12:21:02Z","timestamp":1772972462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Life Course Trajectories of Body Mass Index and Risk of Cancer in Adulthood: Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Samira","family":"Behboudi\u2010Gandevani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences Nord University  Bod\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommy","family":"Haugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences Nord University  Levanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayla\u00a0Cristina\u00a0Do\u00a0Vale","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences Nord University  Bod\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen\u00a0Christin","family":"Arntzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences Nord University  Bod\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moira\u00a0Strand","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valnesfjord Centre for Health Sports and Rehabilitation  Fauske Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7834-5899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razieh","family":"Bidhendi\u2010Yarandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Social Health University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2023.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2016.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00527-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djac192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1747"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S265287"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2019.1656532"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkac066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02400-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"GA Wells B Shea D O'Connell et\u00a0al. 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