{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:09:48Z","timestamp":1788862188783,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CVON2016\u201012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON2016\u201012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Obesity is a risk factor for chronic illness. Financial incentives contingent on behaviors or outcomes related to weight loss can promote weight loss efforts. This meta\u2010analysis examines the added effect of financial incentives for weight loss in health behavior change interventions, both short\u2010 and long\u2010term, in adults. Additionally, subgroup analyses explored incentive targets (physiological outcomes, lifestyle behaviors, process behaviors, or multiple targets) and types of behavior change techniques (BCTs; interactive or passive) as moderators. Seven databases were systematically searched for (quasi\u2010)randomized control trial studies. The meta\u2010analysis included 29 studies with incentive and control conditions, 2396 adults in control and 3397 in incentive conditions. Using a random\u2010effects model, results showed a small, significant, positive effect of incentives on weight loss during the incentive phase (i.e., short\u2010term; 51 comparisons; SMD\u2009=\u20090.180,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) but not in the post\u2010incentive phase (i.e., long\u2010term, after incentive removal; 23 comparisons; SMD\u2009=\u20090.032,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.432). However, limited studies reported post\u2010incentive data. In the incentive phase, subgroup analyses showed that incentivizing multiple targets and physiological outcomes has a larger effect than incentivizing lifestyle and process behaviors. Subgroup analyses showed no significant effect of type of BCTs. However, in the incentive phase, the within\u2010group analysis showed that combining incentives with interactive BCTs had a significant effect while passive BCTs did not. Suggesting that combining incentives only with passive BCTs may not be sufficient to achieve weight loss, given its complexity. In conclusion, these findings suggest that financial incentive interventions are effective on short\u2010term weight loss, especially when incentivizing multiple targets or physiological outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:20:32Z","timestamp":1773818432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Weight Loss Programs: A Meta\u2010Analysis of Financial Incentives and Behavior Change Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sara\u00a0M.","family":"Hondmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology Leiden University  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milon\u00a0H.\u00a0M.","family":"van Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"National eHealth Living Lab Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxy\u00a0A.","family":"van Eersel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology Leiden University  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda\u00a0D.","family":"Breeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology Leiden University  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Keesman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology Leiden University  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0R.","family":"de Buisonj\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology Leiden University  Leiden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human\u2010Centered Design, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering Delft University of Technology  Delft the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Economics and Business Economics, Radboud school of Management Radboud University  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Haroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology Leiden University  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roderik","family":"Kraaijenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hearts4People Foundation  Amsterdam the 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