{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:32:13Z","timestamp":1786635133889,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The economic burden that obesity places on society, both directly and indirectly, is considerable. It is acknowledged that obesity is associated with decreased economic productivity; however, the evidence examining the exact relationship between obesity and key metrics of employment in the European context remains to be consolidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature review was performed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and employment outcomes. Searches were conducted across three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Epistemonikos). Studies were eligible if they were published in or after 2014 and conducted in a European setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 34 studies were identified; of these, 20 studies provided evidence to show fewer people with obesity were employed as compared to people with overweight or who had a healthy BMI. Obesity was associated with increased sickness absence (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097) and impaired work performance (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Broad evidence collected from across Europe demonstrates that obesity is associated with unemployment, sickness leave, absenteeism, and presenteeism. Preventing and treating obesity would be expected to have a relatively rapid benefit in terms of improved employment outcomes, including productivity, as well as long\u2010term benefits to population health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T09:43:08Z","timestamp":1780998188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Obesity, Employment, and Economic Productivity in Europe: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Lise\u00a0Meinicke","family":"Hagelund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Denmark A\/S  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Gamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Outcomes Research Ltd  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Furber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Outcomes Research Ltd  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Outcomes Research Ltd  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013\u20132020","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Obesity: Missing the 2025 Global Targets","author":"World Obesity","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"World Obesity Atlas 2025","author":"World Obesity Federation","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(14)60460\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(25)00355\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.636750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102021\u2010006351"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102016\u2010014632"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u2010789X.2008.00472.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"The 2021 Ageing Report: Economic and Budgetary Projections for the EU Member States (2019\u20132070)","author":"European Commission","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3182440ac2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757913911408263"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010022\u201001133\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u2010789X.2008.00502.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u2010789X.2008.00521.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2013.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2011.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756\u20100500\u20107\u2010242"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000300"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","volume-title":"EndNote [Software]","author":"The EndNote Team","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","volume-title":"Covidence Systematic Review Software [Software]. Melbourne","author":"Veritas Health Innovation","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"187","volume-title":"JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis \u2010 2024 Edition","author":"Aromataris E.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000511735"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246634"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102017\u2010019839"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jom.0000000000000065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.12.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051647"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2016.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198\u2010016\u20100833\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010021\u201000846\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36469\/001c.141081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010021\u201012449\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302557"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2015.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010019\u20107059\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420\u2010017\u20101240\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2022.2053676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010025\u201001299\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102018\u2010026215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695\u2010014\u20101333\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010017\u20104865\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136\u2010021\u201002993\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jom.0000000000003502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp14X681793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508\u2010022\u201002032\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010022\u201014105\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980016001269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.00474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010022\u201013337\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S157673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE\u201014\u20100739"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000534525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053\u2010199304050\u201000006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2024.101398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.151.suppl_1.P3111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","volume-title":"WHO Acceleration Plan to Stop Obesity","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.24288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Obesity","author":"Puhl R. M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","volume-title":"Promoting Diversity in the EU","author":"European Union","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajae\/aar111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102458\u201013\u20101039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1359432X.2022.2106855"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.044206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199\u2010006\u20109335\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jom.0000000000000273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199\u2010010\u20109779\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102022\u2010009773"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","volume-title":"Europe's Obesity Statistics: Figures, Trends & Rates by Country","author":"The European Food Information Council","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","volume-title":"Social and Environmental Factors Influencing Obesity","author":"Lee A.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/obesities5010008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475\u20106773.13222"}],"container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/obr.70174","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/obr.70174","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/obr.70174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:42:15Z","timestamp":1786632135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/obr.70174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/obr.70174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.70174","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-7881","1467-789X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-7881","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-789X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70174"}}