{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:58:39Z","timestamp":1785391119422,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnancy concurrent with incretin\u2010based medications is contraindicated due to unknown risk of teratogenicity, as is breastfeeding. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to investigate potential risks and benefits of incretin\u2010based medications in relation to preconception, pregnancy, and postnatal health, and to propose expert guidelines for clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An international expert multidisciplinary group was formed. Research questions relevant to women's reproductive health and incretin\u2010based medications were refined collaboratively, utilizing a lifecourse approach. A systematic search was undertaken on July 23, 2025, across several databases and grey literature sources. Primary data from human studies were prioritized above animal studies. Titles, abstracts, and full text articles were screened independently by two authors. Data were extracted by two people independently using a pre\u2010defined proforma and synthesized narratively. Consensus recommendations were made.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010four articles were included in the evidence synthesis: 11 randomized trials, nine observational studies, two pharmacovigilance reviews, nine case reports\/series, two animal studies, and one ex\u00a0vivo study. No qualitative studies were identified. Evidence was found for 18\/32 (56.3%) research questions. Most studies related to preconception or pregnancy usage; two addressed contraception, and one was about lactation. The sample size of exposed pregnancies ranged from 1 to 4267. Three studies reported exposure throughout pregnancy. Three studies investigated postpartum usage. One (animal) study had offspring data beyond birth. No studies reported an increase in congenital anomalies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical practice and research recommendations were made based on current available evidence and evidence gaps, encompassing contraception, preconception, nutritional, pregnancy monitoring, lactation, and longer\u2010term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:01:40Z","timestamp":1785387700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incretin\u2010Based Medications in Women and Reproduction: A Systematic Scoping Review and Consensus Guidelines for Clinical Practice"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5580-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Maslin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Plymouth  Plymouth Devon UK"},{"name":"REALIFE Research Group, Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2766-7302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill","family":"Shawe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Plymouth  Plymouth Devon UK"},{"name":"REALIFE Research Group, Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Royal Cornwall NHS Trust  Truro Cornwall UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6941-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinead","family":"Blowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Plymouth  Plymouth Devon UK"},{"name":"Royal Cornwall NHS Trust  Truro Cornwall UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4130-5869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Ceulemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7494-9866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Nutrition, Exercise, Chronobiology and Sleep, Faculty of Health &amp; Medical Sciences University of Surrey  Guildford Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0316-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Schoenmakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2472-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amihai","family":"Rottenstreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Edith Wolfson Medical Center  Holon Israel"},{"name":"The Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4191-8814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Hopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Plymouth  Plymouth Devon UK"},{"name":"REALIFE Research Group, Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust  Plymouth Devon UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8861-8803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojca","family":"Jensterle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine University Medical Centre Ljubljana  Ljubljana Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela C.","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6928-8984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Siegelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2718-4682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annick","family":"Bogaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Plymouth  Plymouth Devon UK"},{"name":"REALIFE Research Group, Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"KU Leuven Child &amp; Youth Institute  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5769-4039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isy","family":"Douek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musgrove Park Hospital, Somerset NHS Foundation Trust  Taunton Somerset UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8656-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Heslehurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University  Newcastle UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7392-2773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dries","family":"Ceulemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REALIFE Research Group, Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0968-6972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tricia","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8927-1266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnathan","family":"Pinkney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsula Medical School University of Plymouth  Plymouth Devon UK"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust  Plymouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2897-2026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Whyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8314-1500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahrad","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine  Huntington West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7837-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Devlieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REALIFE Research Group, Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Obesity Federation \u201cWorld Obesity Atlas 2025 \u201d (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cPolycystic Ovary Syndrome \u201d (2025) https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/polycystic\u2010ovary\u2010syndrome."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23889\/ijpds.v9i2.2401","article-title":"Global Trends in Prevalence of Maternal Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Routinely Collected Data Retrospective Cohorts","volume":"9","author":"Kent L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Population Data Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12288","article-title":"Risks Associated With Obesity in Pregnancy, for the Mother and Baby: A Systematic Review of Reviews","volume":"16","author":"Marchi J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15661","article-title":"Impact of Maternal Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Pregnancy Complications: An Individual Participant Data Meta\u2010Analysis of European, North American and Australian Cohorts","volume":"126","author":"Santos S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.04.005","article-title":"Maternal Obesity in Europe: Where Do We Stand and How to Move Forward?: A Scientific Paper Commissioned by the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG)","volume":"201","author":"Devlieger R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"10132","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30311-8","article-title":"Before the Beginning: Nutrition and Lifestyle in the Preconception Period and Its Importance for Future Health","volume":"391","author":"Stephenson J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1159\/000546449","article-title":"EASO Position Statement: Women With Obesity Across the Reproductive Life\u2014Fertility, Preconception, Pregnancy, Postpartum, and Breastfeeding","volume":"18","author":"Filippi\u2010Arriaga F.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obesity Facts"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1723775","article-title":"Weight Stigma Across the Preconception, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Periods: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Model","volume":"38","author":"Hill B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seminars in Reproductive Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2416394","article-title":"Tirzepatide as Compared With Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity","volume":"393","author":"Aronne L. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once\u2010Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Overweight or Obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding J. P. H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.70063","article-title":"Sex Differences in the Efficacy of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists for Weight Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"17","author":"Yang Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2025.104538","article-title":"Immunological Effects of GLP\u20101 Analogs on Female Reproduction: Therapeutic Perspectives for Infertility and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss","volume":"169","author":"Tavares A. C. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence \u201cSemaglutide for Managing Overweight and Obesity. Technology Appraisal Guidance [TA875] \u201d (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence \u201cLiraglutide for Managing Overweight and Obesity (December 2020). NICE TA664 \u201d (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence \u201cTirzepatide for Managing Overweight and Obesity [ID6179] \u201d (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1215356","article-title":"Effects of GLP\u20101 Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors During Pregnancy and Lactation on Offspring Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Evidence","volume":"14","author":"Muller D. R. P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"The College of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare \u201cFSRH Statement: Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) Agonists and Oral Contraception FSRH \u201d (2025)."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12690","article-title":"What is Known About the Use of Weight Loss Medication in Women With Obesity\/Overweight on Fertility and Reproductive Health Outcomes? A Scoping Review","volume":"14","author":"Maslin K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Obesity"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083550","article-title":"Use of GLP1 Receptor Agonists in Early Pregnancy and Reproductive Safety: A Multicentre, Observational, Prospective Cohort Study Based on the Databases of Six Teratology Information Services","volume":"14","author":"Dao K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.6663","article-title":"Safety of GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonists and Other Second\u2010Line Antidiabetics in Early Pregnancy","volume":"184","author":"Cesta C. E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2025.01.019","article-title":"Preconception Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonist Use Associated With Decreased Risk of Adverse Obstetrical Outcomes","volume":"233","author":"Imbroane M. R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70021","article-title":"Pregnancy Outcomes After Semaglutide Exposure","volume":"136","author":"Kolding L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.24945","article-title":"Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT\u20104 Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"331","author":"Aronne L. J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.20947","article-title":"Increasing Postpartum Use of GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonists","volume":"334","author":"Bliddal M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16172886","article-title":"Subcutaneous Semaglutide During Breastfeeding: Infant Safety Regarding Drug Transfer Into Human Milk","volume":"16","author":"Diab H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.24288","article-title":"World Health Organization Guideline on the Use and Indications of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Therapies for the Treatment of Obesity in Adults","volume":"335","author":"Celletti F.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.04.023","article-title":"Nutritional Priorities to Support GLP\u20101 Therapy for Obesity: A Joint Advisory From the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and the Obesity Society","volume":"122","author":"Mozaffarian D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obpill.2025.100228","article-title":"Nutritional and Lifestyle Supportive Care Recommendations for Management of Obesity With GLP\u20101\u2010Based Therapies: An Expert Consensus Statement Using a Modified Delphi Approach","volume":"17","author":"Sievenpiper J. L.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Obesity Pillars"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s13669-023-00350-1","article-title":"Pharmacologic Treatment of Obesity in Reproductive Aged Women","volume":"12","author":"Nuako A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency \u201cShortage of Ozempic (Semaglutide) \u201d (2023)."},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00167","article-title":"Updated Methodological Guidance for the Conduct of Scoping Reviews","volume":"18","author":"Peters M. D. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBI Evidence Synthesis"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey H.","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Research Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","article-title":"PRESS Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies: 2015 Guideline Statement","volume":"75","author":"McGowan J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014A Web and Mobile App for Systematic Reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","unstructured":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network \u201cSIGN 50: A Guideline Developer's Handbook \u201d (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","volume-title":"Developing a Green\u2010Top Guideline","author":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","year":"2025"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12927","article-title":"Pregnancy After Bariatric Surgery: Consensus Recommendations for Periconception, Antenatal and Postnatal Care","volume":"20","author":"Shawe J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","unstructured":"KMaslin J.Shawe D.Ceulemans S.Blowers andR.Devlieger \u201cIncretin\u2010Based Medications in Women of Reproductive Age and Perinatal Care: Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Consensus Recommendations \u201d (2025)."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA\u2010ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco A. C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","article-title":"A Case Report of a Pregnant Woman With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Dulaglutide During the First Trimester of Pregnancy","volume":"15","author":"Alghamdi A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-022-01954-4","article-title":"A Case Report on Use of Dulaglutide During the First Weeks of Pregnancy in Woman Affected by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"60","author":"Burlina S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Diabetologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.31083\/j.ceog.2021.03.2331","article-title":"Pregnancy Outcomes After Inadvertent Exposure of Anti\u2010Obesity Drugs During Pregnancy","volume":"48","author":"Choi E. J. H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0531-7","article-title":"No Dose Adjustment Is Recommended for Digoxin, Warfarin, Atorvastatin or a Combination Oral Contraceptive When Coadministered With Dulaglutide","volume":"56","author":"Pe\u00f1a A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715303252109231023115112","article-title":"Case Series: Exposure to Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonist in the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Two Siblings","volume":"24","author":"Do\u011fan \u015e E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0115","article-title":"Comparison of Single and Combined Treatment With Exenatide and Metformin on Menstrual Cyclicity in Overweight Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Elkind\u2010Hirsch K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107548","article-title":"Postpartum Treatment With Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin Versus Metformin Monotherapy to Improve Metabolic Status and Reduce Body Weight in Overweight\/Obese Women With Recent Gestational Diabetes: A Double\u2010Blind, Randomized, Placebo\u2010Controlled Study","volume":"34","author":"Elkind\u2010Hirsch K. E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15306","article-title":"Liraglutide Treatment for the Prevention of Glucose Tolerance Deterioration in Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A 52\u2010Week Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"26","author":"Foghsgaard S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12726","article-title":"Normal Pregnancy Outcome After First\u2010Trimester Exposure to Liraglutide in a Woman With Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Greco D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.03.013","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonist Use During the First Trimester in Pregnant Women With Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"246","author":"Hanif M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327103ht402oa","article-title":"Ex Vivo Human Placental Transfer of the Peptides Pramlintide and Exenatide (Synthetic Exendin\u20104)","volume":"22","author":"Hiles R. A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Human & Experimental Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae108.041","article-title":"P\u2010779 GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonist Treatment in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Pregnancy Complications\u2014A Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"39","author":"Hviid K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","article-title":"Pregnancy Outcome and Liraglutide Levels in Serum and Umbilical Vein Blood of a Woman With Type 2 Diabetes. A Case Report","volume":"27","author":"Ivanisevic M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynaecologia et Perinatologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0797","article-title":"Short\u2010Term Combined Treatment With Liraglutide and Metformin Leads to Significant Weight Loss in Obese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Previous Poor Response to Metformin","volume":"170","author":"Jensterle Sever M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-015-0161-3","article-title":"Short Term Monotherapy With GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide or PDE 4 Inhibitor Roflumilast Is Superior to Metformin in Weight Loss in Obese PCOS Women: A Pilot Randomized Study","volume":"8","author":"Jensterle M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Ovarian Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06700-3","article-title":"Effect of Metformin and Exenatide on Pregnancy Rate and Pregnancy Outcomes in Overweight or Obese Infertility PCOS Women: Long\u2010Term Follow\u2010Up of an RCT","volume":"306","author":"Li R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13454","article-title":"Efficacy of Exenatide on Weight Loss, Metabolic Parameters and Pregnancy in Overweight\/Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Liu X.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/EDM-19-0150","article-title":"Liraglutide Administration Improves Hormonal\/Metabolic Profile and Reproductive Features in Women With HAIR\u2010AN Syndrome","volume":"2020","author":"Livadas S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-024-02331-z","article-title":"Use of Dulaglutide in a Pregnant Woman With Type 2 Diabetes Until Third Trimester of Pregnancy","volume":"61","author":"Molteni M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Diabetologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X251346330","article-title":"Pregnancy Outcomes Following First Trimester Exposure to Semaglutide","volume":"19","author":"Morton A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obstetric Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.03.023","article-title":"Effects of Liraglutide on Ovarian Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"35","author":"Nylander M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4102","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16437","article-title":"Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide 1 (GLP\u20101) Receptor Agonists' Use During Pregnancy: Safety Data From Regulatory Clinical Trials","volume":"27","author":"Parker C. H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E268","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00361.2023","article-title":"Maternal GLP\u20101 Receptor Activation Inhibits Fetal Growth","volume":"326","author":"Qiao L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0175","article-title":"Liraglutide Increases IVF Pregnancy Rates in Obese PCOS Women With Poor Response to First\u2010Line Reproductive Treatments: A Pilot Randomized Study","volume":"179","author":"Salamun V.","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.15092","article-title":"Semaglutide and Pregnancy","volume":"163","author":"Skov K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/TEN.0b013e3181a5875e","article-title":"Case Report: Exenatide Use During Pregnancy","volume":"19","author":"Williams J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinologist"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-025-01501-1","article-title":"Semaglutide Ameliorates Metabolic Disorders in Offspring via Regulation of Oocyte ROS of Pre\u2010Pregnancy Obesity Mice","volume":"46","author":"Zhang J. K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacologica Sinica"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.16354","article-title":"The Safety Profile of Usage of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists in Pregnancy: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis Based on the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System","volume":"91","author":"Zhou J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6904-12-8","article-title":"Effect of Exenatide on the Pharmacokinetics of a Combination Oral Contraceptive in Healthy Women: An Open\u2010Label, Randomised, Crossover Trial","volume":"12","author":"Kothare P. A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-020-00976-x","article-title":"Effect of Oral Semaglutide on the Pharmacokinetics of Levonorgestrel and Ethinylestradiol in Healthy Postmenopausal Women and Furosemide and Rosuvastatin in Healthy Subjects","volume":"60","author":"Jordy A. B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270010389471","article-title":"Treatment With Liraglutide\u2014A Once\u2010Daily GLP\u20101 Analog\u2014Does Not Reduce the Bioavailability of Ethinyl Estradiol\/Levonorgestrel Taken as an Oral Combination Contraceptive Drug","volume":"51","author":"Jacobsen L. V.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.10.037","article-title":"The Impact of Tirzepatide and Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists on Oral Hormonal Contraception","volume":"64","author":"Skelley J. W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-023-01500-5","article-title":"Effects of GLP1RAs on Pregnancy Rate and Menstrual Cyclicity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta\u2010Analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"23","author":"Zhou L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Endocrine Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70079","article-title":"Nutrition Strategies for Next\u2010Generation Incretin Therapies: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Current Evidence","volume":"27","author":"Spreckley M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Obesity Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010145","article-title":"Clinical Recommendations to Manage Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in Patients Treated With GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonists: A Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus","volume":"12","author":"Gorgojo\u2010Mart\u00ednez J. J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2018.11.018","article-title":"Maternal Nutritional Status and Related Pregnancy Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review","volume":"15","author":"Rottenstreich A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30302-2","article-title":"Adaptations in Gastrointestinal Physiology After Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux\u2010en\u2010Y Gastric Bypass","volume":"6","author":"Steenackers N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.113","article-title":"Maternal Overweight and Obesity and the Risk of Congenital Anomalies: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"301","author":"Stothard K. J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005722","article-title":"Glycemic Control and Risk of Congenital Malformations in Women With Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"144","author":"Thorius I. H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24067","article-title":"Nutritional Considerations With Antiobesity Medications","volume":"32","author":"Almandoz J. P.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13753","article-title":"Food Insecurity During Pregnancy in High\u2010Income Countries, and Maternal Weight and Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"25","author":"Nguyen G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity Reviews"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.20951","article-title":"Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes After GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonist Discontinuation","volume":"334","author":"Maya J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005995","article-title":"Gestational Weight Gain and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy With Prepregnancy and Early Pregnancy Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonist Exposure","volume":"147","author":"Pondugula N.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2025-085304","article-title":"Weight Regain After Cessation of Medication for Weight Management: Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"392","author":"West S.","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.Thompson H.Diab P.Datta andK.Krutsch \u201cTirzepatide (Zepbound) in Human Milk During Periods of Maternal Dosing \u201d (2025). Available at SSRN.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5387250"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.70112","article-title":"Monoclonal Antibodies During Breastfeeding\u2010Challenges With Relative Infant Dose","volume":"137","author":"Flis P.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2021.0110","article-title":"Monoclonal Antibodies During Breastfeeding","volume":"16","author":"Anderson P. O.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breastfeeding Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000006161","article-title":"Prescribing Trends in Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Medications Among Pregnant and Postpartum Persons","volume":"147","author":"Lessard C.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-025-00756-y","article-title":"The Effect of Medication Use on Breastfeeding Continuation: A Systematic Review With Narrative Synthesis","volume":"20","author":"Pilgrim R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Breastfeeding Journal"},{"issue":"10375","key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01932-8","article-title":"Breastfeeding: Crucially Important, but Increasingly Challenged in a Market\u2010Driven World","volume":"401","author":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Escamilla R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12865","article-title":"Breastfeeding Experiences and Support for Women Who Are Overweight or Obese: A Mixed\u2010Methods Systematic Review","volume":"16","author":"Chang Y. S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maternal & Child Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","unstructured":"NCT04873050 \u201cTreatment to Regress to Normoglycemia in Women With a Recent History of GDM (SWEET) \u201d ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04873050. (2025).https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04873050."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","unstructured":"NCT05569772 \u201cSemaglutide for the Treatment of Glucose Intolerance in Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes (SERENA) \u201d (2025). Available from https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05569772#collaborators\u2010and\u2010investigators."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2024.10.023","article-title":"Incretin\u2010Based Therapies and Lifestyle Interventions: The Evolving Role of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Obesity Care","volume":"125","author":"Gigliotti L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8683","article-title":"Obstetrician\u2010Gynecologists' Strategies for Patient Initiation and Maintenance of Antiobesity Treatment With Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists","volume":"30","author":"Gill L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvaf116","article-title":"Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society and European Society of Endocrinology Joint Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"193","author":"Wyckoff J. A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/obr.70203","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/obr.70203","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/obr.70203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:01:51Z","timestamp":1785387711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/obr.70203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/obr.70203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.70203","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-7881","1467-789X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-7881","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-789X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70203"}}