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There is also new interventional evidence that pharmacotherapies improve cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal outcomes in individuals with OAO and pre\u2010existing CVD. New trial data confirm that not all weight loss strategies are equal in terms of reducing cardiovascular risk. Using Global Burden of Disease data and a pooled analysis of registry data on ~30,000 patients with CVD, we estimate that about 34 million patients across the Middle East could benefit from secondary prevention of CVD by targeting OAO phenotypes. Implementing secondary prevention in practice will require updating clinical guidelines on both obesity management and CVD secondary prevention, as well as policy changes that allow for reimbursement. Crucially, it will also require a philosophical shift that there exist distinct OAO phenotypes for which treatment success is not solely dictated by weight loss. The cumulative burden of future cardiovascular risk is set to increase, mandating comprehensive strategies to implement secondary prevention in at\u2010risk groups, including children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T03:26:20Z","timestamp":1787541980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting Overweight and Obesity Phenotypes for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Call to Action for the Middle East and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Wael","family":"Almahmeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Department Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi  Abu Dhabi UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan S.","family":"Barajas\u2010Gamboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Institute Cleveland Clinic 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