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Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs), initially developed to treat Type 2 diabetes, have rapidly gained prominence as powerful anti\u2010obesity agents due to their ability to induce significant weight loss and potential to improve metabolic health. These medications act by reducing appetite, enhancing insulin sensitivity, lowering systemic inflammation, and preferentially targeting fat mass for reduction. This review explores the growing body of evidence linking GLP\u20101 RA therapy to potential changes in cancer risk among individuals with obesity. To date, data suggest that GLP\u20101 RAs do not increase overall cancer risk and may reduce the risk of certain obesity\u2010related cancers, likely by interrupting obesity\u2010driven metabolic dysregulation. Still, questions remain about the beneficial effects of weight loss and the sustainability of health benefits if weight is regained after stopping treatment. We examine how GLP\u20101 RAs' anti\u2010inflammatory and metabolic effects might mediate reductions in cancer risk, review emerging data regarding both protective signals and specific safety concerns (e.g., increased risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma), and emphasize the critical role of combining pharmacotherapy with lifestyle interventions to maintain muscle mass and long\u2010term weight loss. Ultimately, given the strong link between obesity and cancer, GLP\u20101 RAs represent a promising new class of agents that may not only help to manage obesity but also serve as effective chemopreventive tools against obesity\u2010associated cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.70247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:40:26Z","timestamp":1792629626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonists and Cancer Risk in Obesity Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3200-452X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorne J.","family":"Hofseth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4803-5822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Angela","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology &amp; Immunology, School of Medicine University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6082-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary C.","family":"Playdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition &amp; Integrative Physiology University of Utah; Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5337-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liza","family":"Makowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Pelotonia Research Center The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio 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