{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T10:17:01Z","timestamp":1780654621480,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]],"date-time":"2012-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effects of a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lass <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> functional appliance [the removable mandibular retractor (RMR)] in the early treatment of skeletal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lass <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> deformities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Set\u2010up<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Orthodontic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>epartment, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>niversity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>l\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>aath <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>ental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>chool, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>amah, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>yria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010seven skeletal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lass <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> patients were recruited, distributed randomly into two groups: 1) treatment group (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>) with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMR<\/jats:styled-content>: 33 patients (17 males and 16 females) with a mean age of 7.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.33\u00a0years, 2) control group (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>): 34 patients (15 males and 19 females) with a mean age of 7.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.58\u00a0years. Lateral cephalograms were taken at the start of treatment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>) or at the start of the observation period (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>) and after 14.5 \u00b1 0.1 months (both groups). Soft\u2010 and hard\u2010tissue changes in both groups were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main significant findings in the treatment group were 1) anterior morphogenetic rotation of the mandible as a result of upward and forward condylar growth; 2) significant increase in maxillary length; 3) significant increase in maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion; 4) significant decrease in mandibular dentoalveolar protrusion; 5) significant protrusion of the upper lip; 6) significant retrusion of the lower lip; and 7) significant reduction in nasolabial angle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMR<\/jats:styled-content> is an effective appliance in the treatment of skeletal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>lass <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> patients in the early mixed dentition in the short term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]],"date-time":"2012-11-08T10:49:03Z","timestamp":1352371743000},"page":"75-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Short\u2010term soft\u2010 and hard\u2010tissue changes following Class <scp>III<\/scp> treatment using a removable mandibular retractor: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Al\u2010Baath Dental School Hamah Syria"},{"name":"Private Practice Al\u2010Khobar Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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