{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T11:05:53Z","timestamp":1784372753103,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]],"date-time":"2013-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore three\u2010dimensional (3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>) facial asymmetry differences in operated children with oral clefts and to compare the results with a control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample comprised one hundred and three 8\u2010 to 12\u2010year\u2010old children: 40 with unilateral cleft lip and palate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLP<\/jats:styled-content>); 23 with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLA<\/jats:styled-content>); 19 with bilateral cleft lip and palate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCLP<\/jats:styled-content>); 21 with cleft palate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>) and 80 sex\u2010 and age\u2010matched controls living in the North East of England.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D stereophotogrammetric facial scans were recorded for each participant at rest. Thirty\u2010nine landmarks were recorded for each scan. The<jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>coordinates for each landmark were extracted. Kruskal\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>allis and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ann\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>hitney tests were conducted to identify 3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>landmark asymmetry differences between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Statistically significant differences were observed between all the groups. The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLP<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLA<\/jats:styled-content>patients displayed the greatest asymmetry, followed by the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCLP<\/jats:styled-content>group. The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>group was the least asymmetric among the cleft groups. Asymmetry was present to a lesser extent in the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Shape analysis indicates the possible differences in the aetiology and growth pattern of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>group compared to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLA<\/jats:styled-content>or<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLP<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCLP<\/jats:styled-content>groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,15]],"date-time":"2013-07-15T05:56:44Z","timestamp":1373867804000},"page":"27-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["3D asymmetry of operated children with oral clefts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Bugaighis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic Faculty of Dentistry Benghazi University Benghazi Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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