{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:26:00Z","timestamp":1777465560115,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]],"date-time":"2013-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>An earlier study revealed that the patterns of biomechanical loads on bones around the tongue altered significantly right after tongue volume reduction surgery. The current study was to examine whether these alterations persist or vanish over time post\u2010surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five sibling pairs of 12\u2010week\u2010old <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Y<\/jats:styled-content>ucatan minipigs were used. For each pair, one had surgery reducing tongue volume by about 15% (reduction) while the other had same incisions without tissue removal (sham). All animals were raised for 4\u00a0weeks after surgery. Three rosette strain gauges were placed on the bone surfaces of pre\u2010maxilla (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>), mandibular incisor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>), and mandibular molar (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>); two single\u2010element gauges were placed across the pre\u2010maxilla\u2010maxillar suture (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMS<\/jats:styled-content>) and mandibular symphysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSP<\/jats:styled-content>), and two pressure transducers were placed on the bone surfaces of hard palate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAL<\/jats:styled-content>) and mandibular body (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAN<\/jats:styled-content>). These bone strains and pressures were recorded during natural mastication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall amount of all loads increased significantly as compared to those in previous study in all animals. Instead of decreased loads in reduction animals as seen in that study, shear strains at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MI<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>, tensile strains at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMS<\/jats:styled-content>, and pressure at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAN<\/jats:styled-content> were significantly higher in reduction than sham animals. Compared to the sham, strain dominance shifted at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MI<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content> and orientation of tensile strain altered at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content> in reduction animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A healed volume\u2010reduced tongue may change loading regime significantly by elevating loading and altering strain\u2010dominant pattern and orientation on its surrounding structures, and these changes are more remarkable in mandibular than maxillary sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]],"date-time":"2013-07-22T09:01:00Z","timestamp":1374483660000},"page":"234-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Alteration of functional loads after tongue volume reduction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics College of Stomatology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. Z.","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics College of Stomatology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z. J.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2007.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800091501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)00626-7","article-title":"Habits affecting dental and maxillofacial growth and development","volume":"39","author":"Josell SD","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Equilibrium theory revisited: factors influencing position of the teeth","volume":"48","author":"Proffit WR","year":"1978","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2008.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(85)90133-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(91)70085-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2007.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3311"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2009.01981.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Strain gauge rosette \u2010 Selection, application and data reduction","volume":"515","author":"Note M\u2010MGT","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tech Note"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Masticatory strains on osseous and ligamentous components of the temporomandibular joint in miniature pigs","volume":"14","author":"Liu ZJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(94)90364-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Surgical Tongue Volume Reduction: Outcome Measures on Function and Growth \u2013 A Pig Model Study","author":"Liu ZJ","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"1282","article-title":"Internal kinematics of the volume\u2010reduced tongue: a longitudinal study","volume":"87","author":"Shcherbatyy V","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20699"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2010.00705.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2008.01862.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00733.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200205000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Craniofacial Muscles: A New Framework for Understanding the Effector Side of Craniofacial Muscle Control","author":"Liu ZJ","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Open bite: a review of etiology and management","volume":"19","author":"Ngan P","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Severe dental open bite malocclusion with tongue reduction after orthodontic treatment","volume":"71","author":"Hotokezaka H","year":"2001","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81710-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Influence of surgical tongue reduction on pressure from the tongue on the teeth","volume":"63","author":"Frohlich K","year":"1993","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Pressure from the tongue on the teeth in young adults","volume":"61","author":"Frohlich K","year":"1991","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"On an equilibrium theory of tooth position","volume":"33","author":"Weinstein S","year":"1963","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Muscle pressures and tooth position: North American whites and Australian aborigines","volume":"45","author":"Proffit WR","year":"1975","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345750540061101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1997.0164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","volume-title":"A Nonprimate Model for the Fused Symphysis: In Vivo Studies in the Pig","author":"Herring SW","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; Craniofacial Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Focr.12027","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.12027","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T14:59:42Z","timestamp":1696172382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ocr.12027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ocr.12027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12027","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-6335","1601-6343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1601-6335","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-6343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]]}}}