{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T22:45:12Z","timestamp":1793573112416,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,26]],"date-time":"2013-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate variability in the upper airway of subjects with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns by evaluating the volume and the most constricted cross\u2010sectional area of the pharyngeal airway and defining correlations between the different variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study sample consisted of 60 patients (29 boys, 31 girls) divided into three groups: Class I (1\u00a0\u2264\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANB<\/jats:styled-content>\u22643), Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANB<\/jats:styled-content>&gt;3), and Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANB<\/jats:styled-content>&lt;1), to evaluate how the jaw relationship affects the airway volume and the most constricted cross\u2010sectional area (Min\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSA<\/jats:styled-content>). Differences between groups were determined using the Tukey\u2013Kramer test. Correlations between variables were tested using Pearson's correlation coefficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The volume and the Min\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSA<\/jats:styled-content> of the pharyngeal airway (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content>) were significantly related to anteroposterior skeletal patterns (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The nasopharyngeal airway (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>) volume of Class I and Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> subjects was significantly larger than that of Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> subjects (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The Min\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSA<\/jats:styled-content> and the length of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> were significantly related to the volume of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The site and the size of the Min\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSA<\/jats:styled-content> varied among the three groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The volume and the most constricted cross\u2010sectional area of the airway varied with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content> volume of Class I and Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> subjects was significantly larger than that of patients with a Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> skeletal pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,26]],"date-time":"2013-08-26T09:17:09Z","timestamp":1377508629000},"page":"38-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional evaluation of upper airway in patients with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Z. H.","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. F.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Maki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"On adenoid vegetations in the naso\u2010pharyngeal cavity: their pathology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"53","author":"Meyer C","year":"1872","journal-title":"Medico\u2010chirurgical Trans"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Influence of respiratory pattern on craniofacial growth","volume":"51","author":"McNamara JA","year":"1981","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90229-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"The nasopharynx, face height, and overbite","volume":"55","author":"Kerr WJS","year":"1985","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"A cephalometric study on the airway size according to the types of the malocclusion","volume":"25","author":"Lee YS","year":"1995","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(98)90850-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"The long face syndrome and impairment of the nasopharyngeal airway","volume":"60","author":"Tourne LP","year":"1990","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70101-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)70177-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/22.4.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-006-0050-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-008-0186-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2003.242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90322-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"1940","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students","author":"Dahlberg G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2003.253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2002.0279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Upright and supine cephalometric evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and snoring subjects","volume":"64","author":"Pracharktam N","year":"1994","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(86)90002-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31818972ef"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/21.4.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/21.4.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/122811-801.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(00)70181-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/010711-8.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adenoids. Their effect on mode of breathing and nasal airflow and their relationship to characteristics of the facial skeleton and the denition. A biometric, rhino\u2010manometric and cephalometro\u2010radiographic study on children with and without adenoids","volume":"265","author":"Linder\u2010Aronson S","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(68)90305-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(81)90199-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70296-8"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; Craniofacial Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Focr.12029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.12029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T08:26:06Z","timestamp":1696494366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ocr.12029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,26]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ocr.12029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12029","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-6335","1601-6343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1601-6335","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-6343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,26]]}}}