{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T01:52:35Z","timestamp":1761789155516},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]],"date-time":"2014-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To objectively classify the nose\u2013lip\u2013chin profiles of adult women and identify any associations between the nose\u2013lip\u2013chin profile patterns and dentoskeletal patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lateral facial photographs and lateral cephalograms were obtained for 229 Japanese women who were being assessed for orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A feature vector that was effective in distinguishing differences in nose\u2013lip\u2013chin profiles was extracted for each photograph. To categorize the records into an optimum number of subclasses according to nose\u2013lip\u2013chin profile configurations, a vector quantization method was applied to the feature vectors of all samples. Dentoskeletal patterns that corresponded to the nose\u2013lip\u2013chin profile subclasses were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight profile patterns were identified, and the differences among patterns were notably maximized by the nasolabial angle, configuration and vertical length of the subnasal region, vertical thickness of the lip vermilion borders, sagittal position of the upper\u2010 and lower\u2010lip vermilion borders and their relation to each other, labiomental angle, depth of the labiomental sulcus, degree of prominence of the chin, and degree of protrusion of the mandible. The dentoskeletal patterns showed significant differences between the classified profile patterns (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A method to objectively classify the nose\u2013lip\u2013chin profiles of adult women was established, and the nose\u2013lip\u2013chin profile patterns were found to be associated with the dentoskeletal patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]],"date-time":"2014-05-29T08:46:43Z","timestamp":1401353203000},"page":"226-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Objective classification of nose\u2013lip\u2013chin profiles and their relation to dentoskeletal traits"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Tanikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Graduate School of Dentistry Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics Osaka University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"Proffit WR","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(68)90278-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(59)90014-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(66)90250-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(67)90022-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(83)90144-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70234-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"A photometric analysis of the facial profile. 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