{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:18:34Z","timestamp":1761059914386,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]],"date-time":"2015-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2 UL1 TR000442-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2 UL1 TR000442-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-DEO14678-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-DEO14678-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AAOF","award":["OFDFA_2008-2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFDFA_2008-2011"]}]},{"name":"AAOF","award":["BRA_2012-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRA_2012-2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize soft\u2010tissue facial height and width variation in Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> malocclusion and test for correlations with genes <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>HMGA2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>, <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>AJUBA<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>ADK<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine facial proportions were estimated from 2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> frontal repose photographs of 330 Caucasian adults with Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> malocclusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After adjustments for age and gender, the facial proportions were submitted to a principal component analyses (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content>). The most meaningful phenotypic variations were correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNP<\/jats:styled-content>s rs7924176 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>ADK<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>), rs17101923 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>HMGA2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>), and rs997154 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>AJUBA<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) genotyped in 106 individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Principal component analyses resulted in four principal components (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>s), which explained 75% of total variation. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>1 captured variation in the intercanthus distance and explained 28% of total variation. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>2 explained 21% of the variations in facial taper and facial index. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>3 explained 14% and reflected variations in the vertical dimension of the lower face. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>4 explained 12% and captured variations in distance between the eyes, width of the commissures, and the length of the superior aspect of the lower face height corresponding to the vertical dimension of the philtrum of the upper lip. A suggestive association (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) was observed between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>4 and rs997154 corroborating the role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>AJUBA<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> in variation of facial dimensions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> frontal photographs can be used to derive quantitative measures of soft\u2010tissue phenotypes that are of clinical relevance. The methods described are suitable for discovery and replication of associations between genotypes and malocclusion phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,11]],"date-time":"2015-04-11T00:45:13Z","timestamp":1428713113000},"page":"100-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Phenotype\u2013genotype correlations of facial width and height proportions in patients with Class <scp>II<\/scp> malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"L. 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