{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:54:39Z","timestamp":1773028479879,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]],"date-time":"2015-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007543","name":"Charles University Grant Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["674812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["674812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate sexual dimorphism of facial form and shape and to describe differences between the average female and male face from 12 to 15\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall 120 facial scans from healthy Caucasian children (17 boys, 13 girls) were longitudinally evaluated over a 4\u2010year period between the ages of 12 and 15\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Facial surface scans were obtained using a three\u2010dimensional optical scanner Vectra\u20103D. Variation in facial shape and form was evaluated using geometric morphometric and statistical methods (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCA<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content>and permutation test). Average faces were superimposed, and the changes were evaluated using colour\u2010coded maps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no significant sex differences (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05) in shape in any age category and no differences in form in the 12\u2010 and 13\u2010year\u2010olds, as the female faces were within the area of male variability. From the age of 14, a slight separation occurred, which was statistically confirmed. The differences were mainly associated with size. Generally boys had more prominent eyebrow ridges, more deeply set eyes, a flatter cheek area, and a more prominent nose and chin area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of facial sexual dimorphism during pubertal growth is connected with ontogenetic allometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]],"date-time":"2015-05-08T16:33:52Z","timestamp":1431102832000},"page":"175-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Development of facial sexual dimorphism in children aged between 12 and 15\u00a0years: a three\u2010dimensional longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Koudelov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Br\u016f\u017eek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Anthropologie des Populations du Pass\u00e9 et UMR 5809 du CNRS\u2010PACEA Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux I Talence France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Cag\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Kraj\u00ed\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Software and Computer Science Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Velem\u00ednsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31826d07a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181bf7e1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjt010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2007.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.51.3.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Facial Growth","author":"Enlow DH","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00444.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2012.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists: A Primer","author":"Zelditch ML","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HuttonTJ BuxtonBF HammondP.Dense surface point distribution models of the human face. 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