{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T05:11:37Z","timestamp":1695618697915},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE019817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE019817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite similar mandibular growth to that of humans, pigs lack a chin projection as shown in most humans. To understand whether this divergence is contributed to differences in local symphyseal growth, this project characterized bone modeling activities at the symphyseal surfaces of juvenile pigs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symphyseal specimens from two age groups (4\u2010\u00a0and 6\u2010month\u2010old, n\u00a0=\u00a010) were processed into histological sections with and without decalcification, which were assessed for surface mineral apposition and bone resorption, respectively. In a blinded fashion, measurements of four parameters (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAR<\/jats:styled-content>: mineral apposition rate, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAZ<\/jats:styled-content>: mineral apposition zone, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ES<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BS<\/jats:styled-content>: eroded surface and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OC<\/jats:styled-content>.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BS<\/jats:styled-content>: osteoclast number) were obtained and tested by a multivariate two\u2010way mixed\u2010model analyses of variance (<jats:sc>manova<\/jats:sc>) for the differences between symphyseal regions and ages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Qualitatively, pig symphyseal labial and lingual surfaces were horizontally oriented and characterized by mineral apposition and bone resorption, respectively. Quantitatively, labial mineral apposition tended to be greater rostrally than caudally at 4\u00a0months, which became greater caudally than rostrally at 6\u00a0months (region\/age interactions: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.127 for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAR<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012 for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAZ<\/jats:styled-content>). Lingual bone resorption tended to be greater caudally than rostrally, but only <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ES<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BS<\/jats:styled-content> measurements were significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.039) regardless of age, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OC<\/jats:styled-content>.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BS<\/jats:styled-content> measurements varied with ages and regions (age\/region interaction, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.087).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insufficient differential in symphyseal surface modeling between the labial\u2013caudal and labial\u2013rostral regions contributes to the lack of chin projection in the pig.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T05:17:32Z","timestamp":1438924652000},"page":"232-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Growth characteristics underlying the lack of a chin in pigs: a histomorphometric study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Price","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics College of Dentistry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. 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