{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:23:43Z","timestamp":1789503823179,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]],"date-time":"2015-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We summarize and critique the methodology and outcomes from a substantial study which has investigated the impact of reconfigured cleft care in the United Kingdom (UK) 15\u00a0years after the UK government started to implement the centralization of cleft care in response to an earlier survey in 1998, the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A UK multicentre cross\u2010sectional study of 5\u2010year\u2010olds born with non\u2010syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate. Data were collected from children born in the UK with a unilateral cleft lip and palate between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2007.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We discuss and contextualize the outcomes from speech recordings, hearing, photographs, models, oral health and psychosocial factors in the current study. We refer to the earlier survey and other relevant studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present arguments for centralization of cleft care in healthcare systems, and we evidence this with improvements seen over a period of 15\u00a0years in the UK. We also make recommendations on how future audit and research may configure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outcomes for children with a unilateral cleft lip and palate have improved after the introduction of a centralized multidisciplinary service, and other countries may benefit from this model. Predictors of early outcomes are still needed, and repeated cross\u2010sectional studies, larger longitudinal studies and adequately powered trials are required to create a research\u2010led evidence\u2010based (centralized) service.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]],"date-time":"2015-11-16T05:57:04Z","timestamp":1447653424000},"page":"56-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Centralization of cleft care in the UK. Part 6: a tale of two studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"A. R.","family":"Ness","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition Diet and Lifestyle at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol Bristol UK"},{"name":"School of Oral and Dental Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Wills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Oral and Dental Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Waylen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Oral and Dental Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Al\u2010Ghatam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Oral and Dental Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. E. M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Oral and Dental Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK"},{"name":"Musgrove Park Hospital Taunton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft Lip and Palate Association London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Ireland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Oral and Dental Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Appearance Research University of the West of England Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Smallridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Thames\u2019 Cleft Unit Guy's and St Thomas Hospital London UK"},{"name":"Cleft Net East Cleft Network Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hearing Centre University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK"},{"name":"Centre for Child and Adolescent Health School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Sell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech and Language Therapy Department and Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health, Illness and Disability (ORCHID) Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Sandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Oral and Dental Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Clinical Standards Advisory Group.Cleft Lip and\/or Palate HSMO ISBN 0\u201011\u2010322103\u20107 London 1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(2001)038<0020:CLAPCI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(2001)038<0024:CLAPCI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(2001)038<0030:CLAPCI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(2001)038<0038:CLAPCI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03748-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/13-110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/13.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/04-198R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588410X12699663904790"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"FitzsimonsK DeaconS CopleyL van der MeulenJ.CRANE Database: Annual Report on cleft lip and\/or palate 2013.www.crane-database.org.uk."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-118.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118785065.ch4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Healthtalk.org. 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