{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T22:27:27Z","timestamp":1776292047048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007698","name":"University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test the following two hypotheses: 1) different types of retainers result in distinct levels of biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content>) and 2) the retainer bonded to all mandibular anterior teeth induces more detrimental outcomes to the periodontium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Department of Orthodontics at the University of Florida. The population consisted of individuals in the retention phase of orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional study that enrolled 36 individuals. Subjects in group 1 had retainers bonded to the mandibular canines only. Group 2 consisted of individuals having retainers bonded to all mandibular anterior teeth. Group 3 included patients using mandibular removable retainers. After clinical examination, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> was collected from the mandibular incisor and biomarker levels were compared between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plaque accumulation and gingivitis differed significantly among groups, with the highest median values in group 2 subjects. Pairwise comparison of the groups with respect to gingivitis showed significant differences between groups 1 and 2. Significant differences among groups were detected for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> OPG<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> OPN<\/jats:styled-content>, M\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109. The ratio <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPG<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly higher in group 2 subjects, with pairwise comparisons indicating that groups 1 and 2 differed from group 3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>An association was found between orthodontic retention groups and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> biomarker levels, which should be further explored in longitudinal studies. The presence of retainers bonded to all anterior teeth seems to increase plaque accumulation and gingivitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T08:16:42Z","timestamp":1474359402000},"page":"198-208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of different orthodontic retention protocols on the periodontal health of mandibular incisors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"W. J.","family":"Rody","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Elmaraghy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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