{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:05:34Z","timestamp":1790471134264,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test the hypotheses that there are differences between orthodontists, individuals with cleft lip and palate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLP<\/jats:styled-content>) and laypersons in the visual perception of faces with unilateral (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLP<\/jats:styled-content>) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCLP<\/jats:styled-content>), the faces with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLP<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCLP<\/jats:styled-content> are visually perceived differently and the hierarchy of visual attention changes when viewing individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Department of Orthodontics and Experimental Psychology at Ege University, \u0130zmir. Sixty images (faces with a social smile and at rest) of 30\u00a0volunteers (unaffected controls, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLP<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> BCLP<\/jats:styled-content>) were viewed by 80 participants: orthodontists, individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLP<\/jats:styled-content> and laypersons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eye fixations on four areas of interest were quantified: eyes, nose, upper lip and lower lip\u2013chin. Time to first fixation, fixation before, fixation count and fixation duration parameters were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Orthodontists fixated on the upper\u2010lip area more often than laypersons or individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLP<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2.144<\/jats:sub>=8.47, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.00, \u03b7\u00b2=.19 in faces at rest). The upper\u2010lip area received more fixations (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2.144<\/jats:sub>=21.93, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.00, \u03b7\u00b2=.23) and longer fixation durations (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2.144<\/jats:sub>=28.86, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.00, \u03b7\u00b2=.27) from all participants who gazed on faces with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLP<\/jats:styled-content> and a social smile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hypotheses of the study were supported. Orthodontists and laypersons focused more attention on the upper lip and eyes in the resting position, respectively. The upper\u2010lip area of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCLP<\/jats:styled-content> images captured more attention at rest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T12:31:10Z","timestamp":1484829070000},"page":"44-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Visual perception of faces with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate: An Eye\u2010Tracking Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Furkan","family":"Dindaro\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics Ege University  \u0130zmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Servet","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics Ege University  \u0130zmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Amado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology Ege University  \u0130zmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ege","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics Ege University  \u0130zmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0404","article-title":"Facial attractiveness: evolutionary based research","volume":"366","author":"Little AC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(1997)034<0226:SWFAAS>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210801954892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Voluntary versus automatic control over the mind's eye's movement","volume":"9","author":"Jonides J","year":"1981","journal-title":"Attention and performance IX"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2012.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"How others perceive orthognathic patients: an eye\u2010tracking study","volume":"11","author":"Meyer\u2010Marcotty P","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2798-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509359488"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-244"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Studies of cue saliencey","author":"Shepherd J","year":"1981","journal-title":"Perceiving and Remembering Faces"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2010.0019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/10-222"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-125.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/028443102753478327"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(99)80080-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000305955.67554.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2007.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-281"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/03-142.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(2001)038<0379:QOLIAW>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/04-010.1"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; 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