{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:19:14Z","timestamp":1780049954532,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22592292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22592292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25670878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25670878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the influence of negative pressure of the pharyngeal airway on mandibular retraction during inspiration in children with nasal obstruction using the computational fluid dynamics (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFD<\/jats:styled-content>) method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010two children were divided into Classes I, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> (mandibular retrusion) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> (mandibular protrusion) malocclusion groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cone\u2010beam computed tomography data were used to reconstruct three\u2010dimensional shapes of the nasal and pharyngeal airways. Airflow pressure was simulated using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFD<\/jats:styled-content> to calculate nasal resistance and pharyngeal airway pressure during inspiration and expiration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasal resistance of the Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups, and oropharyngeal airway inspiration pressure in the Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> (\u2212247.64\u00a0Pa) group was larger than that in the Class I (\u221243.51\u00a0Pa) and Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> (\u221231.81\u00a0Pa) groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.001). The oropharyngeal airway inspiration\u2013expiration pressure difference in the Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> (\u221227.38\u00a0Pa) group was larger than that in the Class I (\u22125.17\u00a0Pa) and Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> (0.68\u00a0Pa) groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.006).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Large negative inspiratory pharyngeal airway pressure due to nasal obstruction in children with Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> malocclusion may be related to their retrognathia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]],"date-time":"2017-04-18T16:52:30Z","timestamp":1492534350000},"page":"95-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Influence of pharyngeal airway respiration pressure on Class <scp>II<\/scp> 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