{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T02:41:11Z","timestamp":1781923271315,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test the hypothesis that the use of low\u2010level laser therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content>) reduces elevated pain by controlling the release of neurochemicals during orthodontic tooth movement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Okayama University. Sixty\u2010five Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to tooth movement and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Groups included day 0 controls, irradiation only controls and with or without irradiation sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14\u00a0days after tooth movement (n=5 each, total n=65). Tooth movement was achieved by insertion of an elastic module between molar teeth. Immunohistochemistry for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\u201011b, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFAP<\/jats:styled-content> and c\u2010fos in the brain stem was performed. Stains were quantified by constructing a three\u2010dimensional image using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMARIS<\/jats:styled-content>, and counted using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEURON TRACER<\/jats:styled-content> and Win<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROOF<\/jats:styled-content> software. Two\u2010way <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANOVA<\/jats:styled-content> followed by a Tukey's post hoc test (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05) was used for statistical comparison between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>C\u2010fos expression was significantly increased at one and three days after tooth movement. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content> significantly diminished this increase in c\u2010fos expression only at one day after tooth movement <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010b11 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFAP<\/jats:styled-content> expression also significantly increased after tooth movement. No significant change was observed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\u201011b and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFAP<\/jats:styled-content> expression in the central nervous system upon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LLLT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010level laser therapy may reduce early neurochemical markers but have no effect on delayed pain neurochemical markers after tooth movement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T20:56:31Z","timestamp":1498251391000},"page":"172-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["CO<sub>2<\/sub> low\u2010level laser therapy has an early but not delayed pain effect during experimental tooth movement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics The Ohio State University College of Dentistry  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DG.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics The Ohio State University College of Dentistry  Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kamioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/121308-632R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(91)70005-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800091601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70007-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2012.01542.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510363230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/033007-153.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3131879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)00962-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490350404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345540330040701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02681-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6336(02)80002-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-05-01619.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02259.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.10.1.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-01-00323.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2012.3360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(84)80577-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2009.2652"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2004.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2004.22.537"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; 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