{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:39:20Z","timestamp":1787315960813,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005648","name":"American Association of Orthodontists Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"Structured Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To test that the speed of tooth translation is not affected by stress magnitude and growth status.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title>\n Advanced Education Orthodontic clinics at the Universities of Nebraska Medical Center and Missouri\u2010Kansas City. Forty\u2010six consenting subjects with orthodontic treatment plans involving maxillary first premolar extractions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This randomized split\u2010mouth study used segmental mechanics with definitive posterior anchorage and individual vertical\u2010loop maxillary canine retraction appliances and measured three\u2010dimensional tooth movements. Height and cephalometric superimposition changes determined growing (G) and non\u2010growing (\n NG<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) subjects. Subjects were appointed for 9\u201011 visits over 84\u00a0days for maxillary dental impressions to measure three\u2010dimensional tooth movement and to ensure retraction forces were continuously applied via calibrated nitinol coil springs. Springs were custom selected to apply two different stresses of 4, 13, 26, 52 or 78\n kP<\/jats:styled-content>\n a to maxillary canines in each subject. Statistical analyses (\u03b1=0.050) included\n ANOVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n , effect size (partial \u03b7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ) and Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (\n HSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and two\u2010group\n t<\/jats:italic>\n tests.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Distolateral translation speeds were 0.034\u00b10.015, 0.047\u00b10.019, 0.066\u00b10.025, 0.068\u00b10.016 and 0.079\u00b10.030\u00a0mm\/d for 4, 13, 26, 52 and 78\n kP<\/jats:styled-content>\n a, respectively. Stress significantly affected speed and partial \u03b7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n =0.376. Overall, more distopalatal rotation was shown by teeth moved by 78\n kP<\/jats:styled-content>\n a (18.03\u00b19.50\u00ba) compared to other stresses (3.86\u00b16.83\u00ba), and speeds were significantly higher (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =.001) in G (0.062\u00b10.026\u00a0mm\/d) than\n NG<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects (0.041\u00b10.019\u00a0mm\/d).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Stress magnitude and growth status significantly affected the speed of tooth translation. Optimal applied stresses were 26\u201052\n kP<\/jats:styled-content>\n a, and overall speeds were 1.5\u2010fold faster in G compared to\n NG<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T16:56:31Z","timestamp":1498236991000},"page":"63-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Speed of human tooth movement in growers and non\u2010growers: Selection of applied stress matters"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"L. R.","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City Kansas City MO USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City Kansas City MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology East Tennessee State University Johnson City TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City Kansas City MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2358-0311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. C.","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City Kansas City MO USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City Kansas City MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(85)90220-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Optimum force magnitude for orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic literature review","volume":"73","author":"Ren Y","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/041113-277.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2009.01446.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(00)70229-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(88)90133-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"A modified gingival index for use in clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Lobene RR","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Prev Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Applying Regression and Correlation: A Guide for Students and Researchers","author":"Miles J","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"Speed of Human Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Reported Pain When Applied Loads are Changed [Master's Thesis]","author":"McCoy MS","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2013.06.017"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Focr.12161","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.12161","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T14:36:50Z","timestamp":1694615810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ocr.12161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ocr.12161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12161","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-6335","1601-6343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1601-6335","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-6343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}}}