{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:03:10Z","timestamp":1780480990868,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether dolichofacial (Frankfort horizontal mandibular plane angle (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FHMPA<\/jats:styled-content>) \u226530\u00b0) vs brachyfacial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FHMPA<\/jats:styled-content> \u226422\u00b0) phenotypes differ in temporomandibular joint (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content>) loads and whether these differences correlate longitudinally with mandibular ramus height (Condylion\u2010Gonion, Co\u2010Go).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lateral and posteroanterior cephalographs from ten dolichofacial and ten brachyfacial individuals made at average ages of 6 (T1), 12 (T2) and 18 (T3) years and available online (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.aaoflegacycollection.org\/aaof_home.html\">http:\/\/www.aaoflegacycollection.org\/aaof_home.html<\/jats:ext-link>) were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010dimensional anatomical data were derived from cephalographs and used in numerical models to predict <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> loads for a range of biting angles on incisors, canines and first molars. Two criteria were used to define clinically important between\u2010group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> load differences: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#ocr12174-bib-0001\"\/> statistical significance was defined with a two\u2010group <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, and <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#ocr12174-bib-0002\"\/> where differences were also \u226520%. A statistical approach called response surface analysis was used to assess correlation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> loads and its predictors considered in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The two phenotypes had significantly different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FHMPA<\/jats:styled-content> at all ages (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05). No differences in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> loads were found at T1. Ipsilateral and contralateral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> loads at T2 and T3 were significant and \u226520% larger in dolichofacial than brachyfacial phenotypes for specific biting angles (all adjusted <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.05). Regression analysis indicated age and ramus height contribute 53% of the variability in normalized values of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> loads. At higher ages, dolichofacial phenotypes had significantly higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> loads which were correlated with shorter ramus heights compared to brachyfacial phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Craniofacial mechanics may explain, in part, mandibular growth differences between dolichofacial and brachyfacial phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T20:56:31Z","timestamp":1498251391000},"page":"145-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Jaw mechanics in dolichofacial and brachyfacial phenotypes: A longitudinal cephalometric\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"L. R.","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City  Kansas MO USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City  Kansas MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology East Tennessee State University  Johnson City TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City  Kansas MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City  Kansas MO USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City  Kansas MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(84)90052-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90106-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(79)90252-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"Dr. Eugene H. Williamson on occlusion and TMJ dysfunction. Interview by S. Brandt","volume":"15","author":"Williamson EH","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(86)90023-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2014.968871"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Ultrasound image of human masseter muscle related to bite force, electromyography, facial morphology, and occlusal factors","volume":"100","author":"Bakke M","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/25.3.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Correlation between maximum bite force and facial morphology in children","volume":"67","author":"Ingervall B","year":"1997","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345910700090601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0161734613502468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345830620051301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330700403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00575-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.120138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/or.2009.e29"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510364492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(85)90001-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Science and Practice of Occlusion","author":"Iwasaki LR","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-3355-2_26"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12074"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; Craniofacial Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Focr.12174","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.12174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T18:36:36Z","timestamp":1694630196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ocr.12174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ocr.12174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12174","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-6335","1601-6343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1601-6335","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-6343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}}}