{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T07:08:36Z","timestamp":1777360116602,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304\/PPSG\/61313104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304\/PPSG\/61313104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"Structured Abstract<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Reverse Twin\u2010Block (RTB<\/jats:styled-content>) and Reverse Pull Face Mask (RPFM<\/jats:styled-content>) appliances are used to correct Class III<\/jats:styled-content> malocclusion in growing patients. Aim of this retrospective study was to compare and analyse craniofacial changes produced by RTB<\/jats:styled-content> and RPFM<\/jats:styled-content> in the early and late mixed dentition in Malay children with Class III<\/jats:styled-content> malocclusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Data consisted of pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment lateral cephalograms of 95 children, 49 patients with RTB<\/jats:styled-content> and 46 patients with RPFM<\/jats:styled-content>, divided into an early (8\u20109\u00a0year) and late (10\u201011\u00a0year) group. Treatment changes were assessed by the Ricketts analysis using CASSOS<\/jats:styled-content> software, where 71 anatomic landmarks were identified in each cephalogram. Paired and independent t tests were performed for statistical comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Paired t<\/jats:italic> test revealed significant changes in facial axis, facial angle, MD<\/jats:styled-content> plane to FH<\/jats:styled-content>, lower facial height, mandibular arc, maxillary convexity, U1 to AP<\/jats:styled-content>og, L1 to AP<\/jats:styled-content>og, L1 to AP<\/jats:styled-content>og angle and upper lip to E\u2010plane measurements in RPFM<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas significant changes were found in facial taper, U1 to AP<\/jats:styled-content>og and lower lip to E\u2010plane values with RTB<\/jats:styled-content> in the early treatment group. Independent t test revealed significant changes in U1 to AP<\/jats:styled-content>og, L1 to AP<\/jats:styled-content>og and U6 to PtV values in the RTB<\/jats:styled-content> group. Post\u2010treatment comparison of RTB<\/jats:styled-content> and RPFM<\/jats:styled-content> showed significant differences in L1 to AP<\/jats:styled-content>og and L1 to AP<\/jats:styled-content>og angle values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>RPFM<\/jats:styled-content> revealed more favourable craniofacial changes than RTB<\/jats:styled-content>, particularly in the late mixed dentition stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T08:57:55Z","timestamp":1493110675000},"page":"134-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Treatment effects of Reverse Twin\u2010Block and Reverse Pull Face Mask on craniofacial morphology in early and late mixed dentition children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4432-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Fareen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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