{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:14:15Z","timestamp":1773789255568,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP\u2010PG\u20100707\u201010034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP\u2010PG\u20100707\u201010034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outline methods used to describe centre\u2010level variation in treatment and outcome in children in the Cleft Care <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCUK<\/jats:styled-content>) study. Report centre\u2010level variation in dento\u2010facial outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and sixty\u2010eight five\u2010year\u2010old British children with non\u2010syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLP<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between January 2011 and December 2012, data were collected on a comprehensive range of outcomes. Child facial appearance and symmetry were assessed using photographic pictures. Dental arch relationships were assessed from standardized dental study models. Hierarchical statistical models were used to predict overall means and the variance partition coefficient (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPC<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2014a measure of amount of variation in treatment or outcome explained by the centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on dento\u2010alveolar arch relationships and facial appearance were available on 197 and 252 children, respectively. The median age of the children was 5.5 years, and 68% were boys. Variation was described across 13 centres. There was no evidence of centre\u2010level variation in good or poor dento\u2010alveolar arch relationships with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPC<\/jats:styled-content> of 4% and 3%, respectively. Similarly, there was no evidence of centre\u2010level variation in good or poor facial appearance with a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VPC<\/jats:styled-content> of 2% and 5%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no evidence of centre\u2010level variation for dento\u2010facial outcomes although this study only had the power to detect large variation between sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T09:15:12Z","timestamp":1498727712000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Centre\u2010level variation of treatment and outcome in 5\u2010year\u2010old children with non\u2010syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate: The Cleft Care <scp>UK<\/scp> study. Part 1: Methodology and\u00a0results for dento\u2010facial outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"A. K.","family":"Wills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle The University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"Bristol Dental School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"Department of Applied Statistics Helwan University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Aston University  Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hearing Centre St Michael\u2019s Hospital  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Sell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Thames Regional Cleft Service, Speech and Language Therapy Department Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health, Illness and Disability (ORCHID) Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Smallridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft Net East Cleft Network Addenbrooke's Hospital  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Southby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Speech Language Therapy Research Unit North Bristol NHS Trust  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Toms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle The University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Waylen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Dental School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Wren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Dental School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"Bristol Speech Language Therapy Research Unit North Bristol NHS Trust  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. R.","family":"Ness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle The University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"Bristol Dental School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Sandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Dental School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/13-110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Cleft Lip and\/or Palate","author":"Group CSA","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-010.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/05-069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-118.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Centre\u2010level variation in outcomes and treatment for otitis media with effusion and hearing loss and the association of hearing loss with developmental outcomes at ages 5 and 7 years in children with non\u2010syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate: The Cleft Care UK study. 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