{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:33:23Z","timestamp":1767706403848},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore centre\u2010level variation in fluoride treatment and oral health outcomes and to examine the association of individual\u2010 and area\u2010level risk factors with dental decay in Cleft Care <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCUK<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and sixty\u2010eight 5\u2010year\u2010old British children with non\u2010syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLP<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on caries and developmental defects of enamel (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDE<\/jats:styled-content>) were collected. The child's history of fluoride ingestion and postcode was used to assess exposure to fluoridated water. Centre\u2010level variation in fluoride exposure and caries was examined using hierarchical regression. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between individual\u2010 and area\u2010level fluoride exposures and outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children had high levels of caries, rampant caries and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DDE<\/jats:styled-content>. There was no evidence of variation between centres in the number of children with caries or rampant decay. There was evidence of variation in prescription of fluoride tablets and varnish and the type of toothpaste used. Area level of deprivation was associated with a higher risk of dental caries\u2014risk ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>) in the lowest quartile versus the rest was 1.43 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.13 to 1.81). Use of fluoride tablets and varnish was associated with higher risk of caries\u2014<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.73 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.29 to 2.32) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.33 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.04 to 1.70), respectively, adjusted for age, sex and deprivation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association with use of fluoride tablets and varnish probably reflects reverse causality but indicates the need for early preventative interventions in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T09:15:12Z","timestamp":1498727712000},"page":"19-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Centre\u2010level variation in dental treatment and oral health and individual\u2010 and area\u2010level predictors of oral health in 5\u2010year\u2010old children with non\u2010syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate: the Cleft Care <scp>UK<\/scp> study. Part 3"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Smallridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft.NET.East Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Wills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"Bristol Dental School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"Department of Applied Statistics Helwan University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet and Lifestyle University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Midlands Regional Centre for Cleft Lip and Palate Birmingham Children's Hospital  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Collard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Wales Cleft Service  Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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