{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:13:02Z","timestamp":1782925982581,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]],"date-time":"2017-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate maximum jaw\u2010opening forces in healthy participants of diverse ancestry and to estimate whether opening forces are associated with sex, age and anthropometric parameters such as height, weight and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and forty\u2010nine participants aged 20\u201060\u00a0years with overall good oral and general health. Exclusion criteria included myofascial or neck pain, symptomatic temporomandibular joint disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMD<\/jats:styled-content>), current orthodontic treatment or the absence of a natural dentition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Jaw\u2010opening forces were measured with an adjustable rigid extra\u2010oral device connected to a 1000\u00a0N load cell. Seven attempts were recorded, with 10\u00a0seconds interval. Median force values were obtained after discarding the first and last attempt. The height and weight of each participant were measured and recorded, alongside age, sex and ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Men had greater maximum opening force median values than women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Median (IQR) values for women were 41.16\u00a0N (30.44) and 79.00\u00a0N for men (63.86). Jaw\u2010opening force values were poorly associated with biological and anthropometric parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, which included a large sample of participants of broad age range and from a demographically diverse background, jaw\u2010opening force values were greater in males than in females; however, force values were poorly associated with biological and anthropometric parameters. Future studies should explore the potential of this method as a screening tool for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMJ<\/jats:styled-content> disorders and other conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]],"date-time":"2017-12-28T14:58:38Z","timestamp":1514473118000},"page":"57-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Estimation of jaw\u2010opening forces in adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"P. A.","family":"Brunton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir John Walsh Research Institute Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8949-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Loch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir John Walsh Research Institute Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. N.","family":"Waddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir John Walsh Research Institute Faculty of Dentistry University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. J.","family":"Bodansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMH Consultancy  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Social Medicine University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(97)00047-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345950740091001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(80)90237-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01658.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345940730051401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2007.00405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2014.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4805283","article-title":"Jaw opening forces in human subjects","volume":"156","author":"Sharkey P","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(86)90129-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"230","article-title":"Maximum opening and closing forces exerted by diverse skeletal types","volume":"41","author":"Yildirim E","year":"1971","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S130946"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12715"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(89)90174-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1992.tb01112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Joint tenderness, jaw opening, chewing velocity, and bite force in patients with temporomandibular joint pain and matched healthy control subjects","volume":"18","author":"Hansdottir R","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1996.tb00807.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1987.tb00721.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2001.00636.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(94)90222-4"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; Craniofacial Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Focr.12215","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ocr.12215","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T01:51:24Z","timestamp":1695865884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ocr.12215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ocr.12215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12215","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1601-6335","1601-6343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1601-6335","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-6343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]}}}