{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:53:03Z","timestamp":1792461183049,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rapid palatal expansion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPE<\/jats:styled-content>) is a widespread orthopaedic procedure used in several clinical situations. The aim of the study was to provide a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of transverse intercanine and intermolar width changes after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPE<\/jats:styled-content> and long\u2010term effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted until January 2018 on original studies with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPE<\/jats:styled-content> treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intercanine and intermolar distance were measured at the start of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPE<\/jats:styled-content> (T1, median age 9.2\u00a0years) and at the end of treatment (T2). The long\u2010term evaluation was conducted on a subset of articles with 5\u2010year follow\u2010up (T3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen studies T1\u2010T2 and 5 studies T3 were selected. Regarding the intercanine distance, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPE<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in a gain of space T1\u2010T2 of 3.73\u00a0mm with a significant heterogeneity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a094.21%) and a relapse T2\u2010T3 of \u22120.81\u00a0mm with a significant heterogeneity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a095.8%); the overall gain of space was 2.91\u00a0mm. Regarding the intermolar distance, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPE<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in a gain of space T1\u2010T2 of 4.85\u00a0mm with a significant heterogeneity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a092.41%) and a relapse T2\u2010T3 of \u22120.47\u00a0mm with a significant heterogeneity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a087.5%); the overall gain of space was 4.38\u00a0mm. Meta\u2010regression analysis showed that at younger age, the amount of anterior expansion is similar to posterior. With increasing age, the anterior opening diminishes significantly more than the posterior, being half of the posterior at 15\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because long\u2010term results were obtained with simultaneously fixed appliances and long upper retention, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPE<\/jats:styled-content> should be carefully considered before using.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T12:33:26Z","timestamp":1536755606000},"page":"225-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Rapid palatal expansion (<scp>RPE<\/scp>): Meta\u2010analysis of long\u2010term 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