{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:46:27Z","timestamp":1791837987228,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,7]],"date-time":"2018-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the three\u2010dimensional maxillary dentoskeletal effects of a modified alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction facemask protocol (Alt\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAMEC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>) with the traditional rapid maxillary expansion facemask protocol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RME<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content>) performed in deciduous or early mixed dentition Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Orthodontic Clinic of the Section of Dentistry of the Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine of the University of Florence. Thirty\u2010four Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> patients were enrolled and allocated by alternating assignment to either Alt\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAMEC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RME<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content> therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior to treatment, all patients were evaluated, and a cone beam computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content>) scan was acquired. After completion of the orthopaedic therapy (average interval 1.2\u00a0years), a follow\u2010up <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content> scan was obtained. Anatomic landmark identification on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content>s and subsequent quantification of the changes were performed. The primary outcome variable was the anteroposterior displacement of the anterior nasal spine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS AP<\/jats:styled-content>). The treatment groups were compared with independent samples <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patients in the two treatment groups showed a similar degree of compliance. No statistically significant differences were recorded for any variable when comparing the Alt\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAMEC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RME<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content> groups. In particular, the between\u2010group difference for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANS AP<\/jats:styled-content> was 0.0\u00a0mm (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22120.6;0.7, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.933).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both Alt\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAMEC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RME<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content> produced favourable orthopaedic changes in Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> growing patients. Neither protocol was superior to the other in terms of maxillary protraction effectiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T16:32:13Z","timestamp":1537893133000},"page":"248-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional evaluation of the maxillary effects of two orthopaedic protocols for the treatment of Class <scp>III<\/scp> malocclusion: A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Brittany","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice Orthodontist  San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Masucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sous\u2010section Orthop\u00e9die Dento\u2010Faciale Facult\u00e9 de Chirurgie dentaire Universit\u00e9 de Nice Sophia Antipolis  Nice France"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine Orthodontics University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ruellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry University of Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Cevidanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Giuntini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine Orthodontics University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Nieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine Orthodontics University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosimo","family":"Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2 University of Florence  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2072-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine Orthodontics University of Florence  Florence Italy"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry University of Michigan  Ann Arbor 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