{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:13:48Z","timestamp":1791238428293,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K11965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K11965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K15841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K15841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008734","name":"Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant 2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To clarify the associations among tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form using cone beam computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content>) data for children with Class\u2010I, Class\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> and Class\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> malocclusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty children (mean age, 9.2\u00a0years) divided into Class\u2010I, Class\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> and Class\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> malocclusion groups according to the A\u2010nasion\u2010B angle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cone beam computed tomography was used for three\u2010dimensional reconstruction of the maxillofacial region and airway. The hyoid position and the tongue, airway and oral cavity volumes were evaluated. Upper airway ventilation status was calculated using computational fluid dynamics. The groups were compared using analysis of variance and Kruskal\u2010Wallis tests; relationships among the parameters were assessed using Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlation tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The tongue volume was larger in Class\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> patients (50.63\u00a0cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) than in Class\u2010I patients (44.24\u00a0cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The hyoid position was lower (49.44\u00a0cm), and anatomical balance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AB<\/jats:styled-content>; tongue volume\/oral cavity volume; 85.06%) was greater in Class\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> patients than in Class\u2010I patients (46.06\u00a0cm, 80.57%, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05 for both). The hyoid height showed a positive correlation with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AB<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.614; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with Class\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> malocclusion have large tongue volumes and small <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AB<\/jats:styled-content>; the reverse is true for children with Class\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> malocclusion. The hyoid position is closely associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AB<\/jats:styled-content> in children with malocclusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T11:10:58Z","timestamp":1542107458000},"page":"9-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Relationships among tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form in paediatric patients with Class\u2010I, Class\u2010<scp>II<\/scp> and Class\u2010<scp>III<\/scp> malocclusions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3919-4714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomonori","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University  Kagoshima\u2010City 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