{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:55:53Z","timestamp":1789764953707,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002543","name":"Pusan National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study investigated the relationship between facial skeletal patterns and morphology of the palate in adult patients with Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> malocclusion using structural equation modelling (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEM<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred cone beam computed tomography images of Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> adults were evaluated for skeletal measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The skeletal measurements were classified into the vertical, anteroposterior and transverse group based on factor analysis. 3D scanning model of the maxilla was analysed by Generalized procrustes analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPA<\/jats:styled-content>) and principal component analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCA<\/jats:styled-content>). Structural equation modelling was used to analyse relationship among the skeletal and morphometric factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to the factor analysis, latent variables were extracted by each skeletal variable. First principal component (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>1) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>2 of palatal morphology were used to analyse relationship with skeletal variables. As results of the structural equation model, the transverse latent variable had the most influence on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>1, followed by vertical and anteroposterior variables. This result means that as the facial width increases, the palate becomes narrower, deeper and longer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between the skeletal pattern with Class <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> malocclusion and palatal morphology was analysed through <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEM<\/jats:styled-content>. The transverse facial skeletal pattern showed the highest correlation with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>1 of palatal morphology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T16:18:57Z","timestamp":1547223537000},"page":"87-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Analysis of the relationship between the morphology of the palate and facial skeletal patterns in Class <scp>III<\/scp> malocclusion using structural equation modelling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mi So","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Dental research institute Pusan National University Dental Hospital  Yangsan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Min","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Information Systems College of Business Dong\u2010A University  Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Seok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics College of Natural Sciences Pusan National University  Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Te\u2010Ju","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4286-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching\u2010Chang","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsutaro","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koutaro","family":"Maki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3889-2545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong\u2010Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Dental research institute Pusan National University Dental Hospital  Yangsan Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Translational dental science School of Dentistry Pusan National University  Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cju018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70034-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(69)90122-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Extreme variation in vertical facial growth and associated variation in skeletal and dental relations","volume":"41","author":"Isaacson JR","year":"1971","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2004.00312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2013.43.2.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/032210-166.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)70036-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjv019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/071716-557.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa8701_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.06.027"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; 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