{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:11:58Z","timestamp":1790273518677,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Orthodontic treatment consists of numerous appliance activations that rely on stimulation of osteoclasts at alveolar bone sites. However, the action of osteoclast\u2010like cells on dentin (\u201codontoclasts\u201d) is a pathological side effect of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this article is twofold: (a) To report preliminary results from ongoing cell culture experiments to identify unique markers of dentin resorption, and (b) To discuss our work using nanoparticle tracking analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NTA<\/jats:styled-content>) and exosomes for developing biological fluid\u2010based biopsies to monitor clastic cell activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and sample population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve healthy volunteers in permanent dentition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the in vitro experiments, murine clastic cell precursors were cultured on dentin or bone slices for 7\u00a0days and phage\u2010display biopanning was used to identify molecular surface differences between osteoclasts and odontoclasts. In the human study, gingival crevicular fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content>) samples were collected using different tools and analysed for protein and exosome recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biopanning generated antibody fragments that were uniquely reactive to odontoclasts. Numerous nanoparticles in the size range of exosomes were detected in all of the human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results support that there are molecular differences between osteoclasts and odontoclasts. Emerging technologies may allow the use of exosomes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> as a clinical tool to detect markers of root resorption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T07:31:27Z","timestamp":1557473487000},"page":"180-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clastic cells in orthodontic treatment: Translational challenges and recent advances"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5496-7642","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Wellington J.","family":"Rody","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estela L.","family":"Truzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Florida  Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desmond T.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Florida  Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh N.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University of Florida  Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda G.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology University of Florida  Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Sorenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Medicine East Carolina University  Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Wallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Medicine East Carolina University  Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0844-1965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. 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