{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:11:11Z","timestamp":1789920671258,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","award":["R21 DE019862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 DE019862"]}]},{"name":"University of Florida College of Dentistry Seed Grant"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"Chinese Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"Structured Abstract<\/jats:title>Extracellular vesicles (EV<\/jats:styled-content>s) are 30\u2010150\u00a0nm in diameter vesicles released by cells that serve important intercellular regulatory functions. EV<\/jats:styled-content>s include exosomes and microvesicles. Exosomes form in multivesicular bodies and are released extracellularly as the multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane. Microvesicles bud directly from the plasma membrane. Here, we examine methods that are available or emerging to detect and study EV<\/jats:styled-content>s during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM<\/jats:styled-content>). EV<\/jats:styled-content>'s involvement in regulating bone remodelling associated with OTM<\/jats:styled-content> may be demonstrated by adding isolated EV<\/jats:styled-content>s to an animal model to change the rate of tooth movement. Exosomes in multivesicular bodies might be detected by immunogold labelling of markers in sections from the tooth and jaw and detection by electron microscopy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF<\/jats:styled-content>) is enriched in EV<\/jats:styled-content>s. Detection and characterization of EV<\/jats:styled-content>s released by osteoclasts during resorption have been described, and this information could be used to analyse EV<\/jats:styled-content>s in OTM<\/jats:styled-content> models. Regulatory EV<\/jats:styled-content>s may be enriched in the GCF<\/jats:styled-content> from teeth that are being moved or are undergoing root resorption. Emerging approaches, including nanoparticle tracking, ExoView and micro\u2010 and nanofluidics, show promise for studying EV<\/jats:styled-content>s in the GCF<\/jats:styled-content>. Techniques that amplify signal, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR<\/jats:styled-content>), provide the sensitivity necessary to utilize EV<\/jats:styled-content>s from GCF<\/jats:styled-content> as biomarkers. Studies of the role of EV<\/jats:styled-content>s in OTM<\/jats:styled-content> will provide fresh insight that may identify means for enhancing OTM<\/jats:styled-content> procedures. EV<\/jats:styled-content>s in GCF<\/jats:styled-content> may include biomarkers for bone remodelling during OTM<\/jats:styled-content>, orthodontic\u2010associated root resorption, and other dental pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T07:31:27Z","timestamp":1557473487000},"page":"101-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Extracellular vesicle identification in tooth movement models"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0844-1965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. 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