{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T22:51:27Z","timestamp":1754261487869,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,3]],"date-time":"2019-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14\/160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14\/160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"Structured Abstract<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>(a) To establish baseline lateral craniofacial morphology and soft tissue profile outcomes for New Zealand children with complete unilateral and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP<\/jats:styled-content>\/CBCLP<\/jats:styled-content>) and determine differences in relation to demographic characteristics including cleft type, sex and ethnicity and (b) To compare these outcomes to similar international studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Settings and Sample Population<\/jats:title>Nation\u2010wide prospective and retrospective cephalometric analysis of 76 patients with CUCLP<\/jats:styled-content> and 23 patients with CBCLP<\/jats:styled-content> pre\u2010secondary alveolar bone graft.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>Assessment was undertaken by three experienced orthodontists blinded to patient identity. A total of 13 hard tissue and 8 soft tissue landmarks were identified allowing for an assessment of 16 angular, three linear and one ratio variables. Inter\u2010assessor reliability was determined by pre\u2010defined measurement error thresholds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Inter\u2010assessor reliability of cephalometric landmarks restricted reporting to 10 hard tissue, four soft tissue and one ratio variables. CUCLP<\/jats:styled-content> had greater midface and mandibular retrusion than CBCLP<\/jats:styled-content>. Females had greater midface and mandibular prominence and smaller nasal projections. The Pacific and M\u0101ori groups had more retrusive midfacial profiles, and the Pacific group had more prominent mandibles. A sub\u2010analysis of New Zealand European CUCLP<\/jats:styled-content> results found they were closely aligned to Eurocleft and Americleft study centres with less favourable outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The reliability of a number of cephalometric measurements was poor. Lateral craniofacial morphology and soft tissue profile outcomes varied between CUCLP<\/jats:styled-content>\/CBCLP<\/jats:styled-content>, sex and ethnicity. The New Zealand European outcomes are similar to or less favourable to other studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]],"date-time":"2019-02-08T10:40:01Z","timestamp":1549622401000},"page":"139-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Craniofacial morphology and soft tissue profile outcomes for complete unilateral and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9441-7410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter V.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Dental Department Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Science and Medicine Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Wholley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft Lip and Palate Unit Perth Children's Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ilam Orthodontics Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M. 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