{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:17:14Z","timestamp":1787015834445,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIDCR","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5F32DE025519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5F32DE025519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["17H05296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H05296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["15K08134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K08134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["26220004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26220004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"Structured Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Asymmetry has been noted in the human craniofacial region in several pathological conditional and growth abnormalities, often with a directional predilection. Physiological asymmetry has also been reported in normal adults and adolescents, with certain regions of the cranioskeleton, such as the mandible, displaying prevalent asymmetry. However, the timing at which such asymmetries arise has not been evaluated. The objectives of this study were to assess the degree of asymmetry in facial bones during the foetal stages of human development.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Twenty\u2010one preserved conceptuses from the Congenital Anomaly Research Center at Kyoto University, between ages 15 and 20\u00a0weeks of gestation, were studied using high\u2010resolution \u03bc\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n imaging. Asymmetry analysis was performed on digitally segmented facial bone pairs, using geometric morphometric (\n GM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) approaches as well as adapted deformation\u2010based asymmetry (\n DBA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) methods.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n GM<\/jats:styled-content>\n analysis revealed that the developing facial bones display statistically significant fluctuating and directional asymmetry.\n DBA<\/jats:styled-content>\n methods suggest that the magnitude of asymmetry in facial bones is low and does not appear to be correlated to the estimate of overall size of conceptus. Additionally, the patterns of asymmetry are highly variable between individual specimens.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The developing foetal facial skeleton displays variable patterns of low magnitude asymmetry.\n GM<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n DBA<\/jats:styled-content>\n methods offer unique advantages to assess facial asymmetry quantitatively and qualitatively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T03:31:27Z","timestamp":1557459087000},"page":"199-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Analysis of facial skeletal asymmetry during foetal development using \u03bcCT imaging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Motoki","family":"Katsube","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Kyoto University Graduate 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