{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:37:45Z","timestamp":1778891865723,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14\/160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14\/160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Structured Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To (a) assess nasolabial outcomes across four main cleft subgroups, (b) assess agreement using a categorical and a continuous scoring measure and (c) compare outcomes to international studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Settings and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of 470 images of which 218 was unilateral cleft lip and palate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCLP<\/jats:styled-content>), 128 unilateral cleft lip (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UCL<\/jats:styled-content>), 90 bilateral cleft lip and palate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCLP<\/jats:styled-content>) and 34 bilateral cleft lip (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCL<\/jats:styled-content>). Images were taken around five (n\u00a0=\u00a0279) and eight\u2010ten (n\u00a0=\u00a0191) years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials &amp; Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cropped images were assessed using the Asher\u2010McDade (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AM<\/jats:styled-content>) and a 100\u00a0mm visual analogue scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>) by a panel of six raters. Scoring was undertaken for vermillion border and nasal form, symmetry and profile. Analysis was undertaken for each subscore, a total score with sensitivity analysis using a total score based on the subscores for each patient. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AM<\/jats:styled-content> intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater reliability was assessed using weighted kappa and for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content> components reliability was assessed using Pearson correlation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AM<\/jats:styled-content> intra\u2010rater reliability was moderate\/substantial, whilst inter\u2010rater reliability was fair. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content> intra\u2010rater correlations were high, and inter\u2010rater correlations were moderate. Better outcomes were found with cleft lip (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content>) vs cleft lip and palate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLP<\/jats:styled-content>). No differences were found for sex, ethnicity, age and cleft laterality (unilateral). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AM<\/jats:styled-content> found no difference between unilateral or bilateral. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content> found bilateral scored worse than unilateral for both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nasolabial outcomes differ by cleft type. The correlation was relatively high for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content> whilst the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AM<\/jats:styled-content> had relatively poor reliability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T19:23:02Z","timestamp":1552072982000},"page":"194-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nasolabial outcomes in a nationwide study of orofacial cleft in New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M. 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