{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T01:38:57Z","timestamp":1759541937347,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["299057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["299057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the influence of orthodontic treatment on psychosocial outcomes in 30\u2010year\u2010olds. The research hypothesis tested was that participants previously treated orthodontically would have better psychosocial outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective longitudinal cohort design was used to follow\u2010up a sample of 1859 30\u2010year\u2010olds from Adelaide, South Australia, who had previously participated in an oral epidemiology study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical examination in 1988\u20101989 recorded participants\u2019 malocclusion severity. In 2005\u20102006, participants were invited to complete a questionnaire collecting data on socio\u2010demographic characteristics, dental health behaviours, receipt of orthodontic treatment and psychosocial factors. Data were analysed descriptively and by linear regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data for 448 participants were available; 56% of participants were female. Over a third of participants had received orthodontic treatment. Higher income earners had the best psychosocial outcomes while participants with a basic level of secondary education had the lowest. Regardless of initial malocclusion severity, orthodontic treatment was not associated with better psychosocial outcomes. Instead, a pattern of better psychosocial outcome was observed amongst untreated participants, regardless of malocclusion severity, this being significant for optimism. Adjusted models controlling for socio\u2010demographic, dental health behaviour and malocclusion severity showed no association between orthodontic treatment and self\u2010efficacy, health competence or social support. There was, however, a strong association with optimism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no difference in long\u2010term psychosocial outcomes based on orthodontic treatment. Our study does not support the contention that orthodontic treatment produces better psychosocial functioning later in life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T13:57:53Z","timestamp":1558965473000},"page":"312-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The long\u2010term influence of orthodontic treatment on adults\u2019 psychosocial outcomes: An Australian cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9348-5817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esma J.","family":"Do\u011framac\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, Adelaide Dental School The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7888-0920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S.","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH), Adelaide Dental School The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2016.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2017.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/204268512X13466824724715"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Location and severity of root resorption related to impacted maxillary canines: a cone\u2010beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation","volume":"31","author":"Do\u011framac\u0131 EJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust Orthod J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(72)90268-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/3.3.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90064-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4807421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70274-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1997.tb02978.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/23.3.315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(89)90253-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/135910706X96896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01856884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1995.tb00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.1996.tb06027.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000354044"},{"volume-title":"Self\u2010Efficacy: Thought Control of Action","year":"1992","author":"Jerusalem M","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/10.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.4.3.219"},{"volume-title":"DAI: The Dental Aesthetic Index","year":"1986","author":"Cons NC","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.1996.tb05654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.41.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"Government of South Australia.Location SA Map Viewer 2015.www.location.sa.gov.au\/viewer. 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