{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:50:24Z","timestamp":1789077024093,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE025295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE025295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>(a) To quantify longitudinal 3D changes in facial soft tissue movements in adults with unilateral facial paralysis, and (b) to compare the patients\u2019 movements with an age\u2010 and sex\u2010frequency matched control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Settings and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective 3D facial movement data of 36 patients and 68 control participants. Patients\u2019 data were collected within 6\u00a0weeks of onset of symptoms (baseline) and then at 3 and 12\u00a0weeks after baseline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3D facial movement data were collected during different facial animations. Mean group measurements of displacement, velocity and asymmetry were computed. Two sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests were used to test for significant group differences, and linear mixed models were fit to test for significant changes over time in the patient group. Also, 3D\u00a0dynamic modelling and vector plots were computed to isolate the patients\u2019 abnormal movements and\/or paralysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patients\u2019 mean baseline movements were significantly less for both the paralysed and contralateral sides of the face with much greater movement asymmetry than the controls. Patients\u2019 mean measures improved significantly from baseline to 12\u00a0weeks. The measures were closer to, but fell short of, the control values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In unilateral facial paralysis, the contralateral facial side was affected by the paralysis and may be tethered or limited in its movement by the paralysed side. The comprehensive measurement set and 3D facial mapping effectively tracked patient recovery and isolated paralysed facial regions. The 3D measures can be used for diagnosis and outcome assessment of different treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T05:18:47Z","timestamp":1568697527000},"page":"82-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Facial mobility and recovery in patients with unilateral facial paralysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0778-7494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carroll Ann","family":"Trotman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Faraway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Bath Bath UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa A.","family":"Hadlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Facial Nerve Center, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/229255030701500203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24542"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1075842"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12703\/P5-49"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2013.1227"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2004.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000287136.22709.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200005000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001955"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200411000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198308000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070269"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200207000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200207000-00029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(03)00098-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/mcj.9.3.270"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510365485"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9876.2011.01017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/12-191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"p603","article-title":"Bell's palsy treatment and recovery","volume":"289","author":"Patterson I","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.83092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.9.4.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000218798.95027.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2013.2463"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200202000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000252042.58200.c3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2012.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2018.0048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811427255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005164"}],"container-title":["Orthodontics &amp; 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