{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T11:14:13Z","timestamp":1787483653244,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyse the craniofacial growth of a long\u2010term semi\u2010longitudinal sample of Caucasian subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and sample population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 144 Caucasian subjects (of North American and Italian origin) with untreated Class III malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjects aged 2\u00a0years and 9\u00a0months up to 21\u00a0years and 7\u00a0months were selected. A multilevel model was used to calculate growth curves for ten variables for both each individual subject and for the whole sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a statistically significant increase for total mandibular length (Co\u2010Gn. T2\u2010T1\u00a0=\u00a08.4\u00a0mm), midfacial length (Co\u2010A. T2\u2010T1\u00a0=\u00a03.4 mm) and lower anterior facial height (ANS\u2010Me. T2\u2010T1\u00a0=\u00a03.8 mm). The multilevel analysis showed two points of acceleration of growth (about 3\u20105\u00a0years of age and 11\u201015\u00a0years of age) for seven out of ten variables. For Co\u2010Gn and Co\u2010A variables, males presented points of maximum growth delayed by 1\u00a0year in comparison with females, with a greater duration (1\u00a0year longer) and a greater total growth of about 5\u00a0mm. Active mandibular growth continued for a long time after the pubertal spurt: increases in mandibular length ended at about 17\u00a0years of age in females and at 21\u00a0years and 7\u00a0months in males.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Untreated Class III malocclusion showed a specific growth curve, especially for the mandible, whose excesses added up over time. In males, the amounts of mandibular and midfacial growth during the whole observation time were greater and lasted longer than in females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,2]],"date-time":"2019-11-02T06:38:56Z","timestamp":1572676736000},"page":"181-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A multilevel analysis of craniofacial growth in subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Rutili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dentistry (Orthodontics) Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine The University of Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Nieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dentistry (Orthodontics) Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine The University of Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Giuntini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dentistry (Orthodontics) Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine The University of Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"James A.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"},{"name":"Emeritus of Cell and Developmental Biology School of Medicine The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"},{"name":"Center for Human Growth and Development The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"},{"name":"Private Practice of Orthodontics Ann Arbor 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