{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:05:37Z","timestamp":1762999537158,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concurrent maxillary and mandibular expansion is a treatment option for patients with maxillary and mandibular transverse constriction. These patients do not present with crossbite but require expansion due to narrow arches and associated crowding, dark buccal corridors and decreased anterior arch contour. The objective of the study is to first establish <jats:italic>Bimaxillary Transverse Constriction<\/jats:italic> as an under\u2010recognized malocclusion and second to evaluate whether in adults the maxillary and mandibular arches can be successfully and safely expanded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre\u2010 and post\u2010treatment study models and lateral cephalograms of 31 adults with Bimaxillary Transverse Constriction expanded non\u2010surgically were analysed. Thirty adult orthodontic patients who did not require expansion served as a control. Expanders were turned no more frequently than every other day in the maxilla and every third day in the mandible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Measurements in both arches made on OrthoCAD models were transarch widths, molar and premolar axial angulation, clinical crown height of posterior teeth and cuspids, and mandibular divergence. Retrospective comparison of the 2 groups used independent Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests for mean differences between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At pre\u2010treatment, the expansion group demonstrated significant transverse constriction compared with the control. Increased widths were achieved in the expansion group (4\u00a0mm in the maxilla and 2.5\u00a0mm in the mandible), while the control group was unchanged. The mandibular plane was unchanged. There was no buccal attachment loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010surgical expansion in the maxilla and mandible is a viable treatment option for adult patients with <jats:italic>Bimaxillary Transverse Constriction<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T10:08:00Z","timestamp":1575281280000},"page":"202-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bimaxillary transverse constriction in adults: Short\u2010term follow\u2010up of non\u2010surgical arch expansion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1017-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chester S.","family":"Handelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice Downers Grove IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen A.","family":"BeGole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace C.","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Monograph 30, Craniofacial Growth Studies","author":"Brust E","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(95)80021-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion followed by fixed appliances: a long\u2010term evaluation of changes in arch dimensions","volume":"73","author":"McNamara JA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90202-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(76)90276-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of transverse maxillary deficiency","volume":"10","author":"Betts N","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.109887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"BalakrishnanM.Comparision of non\u2010surgical and surgical maxillary and concurrent mandibular expansion in the adult. 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