{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T15:59:34Z","timestamp":1771948774983,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isolated cleft palate (CPO) is the rarest form of oral clefting affecting 1\u201025 per 10\u00a0000 newborns worldwide. There is increasing evidence for the different pathogenetic backgrounds of CPO and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. The role of environmental factors in the origin of non\u2010syndromic and syndromic CPO is unclear in most patients. The aim of this study was to estimate possible maternal risk factors in the origin of CPO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Hungarian Case\u2010Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities contains data of 32\u00a0345 birth defect cases and 57\u00a0231 control newborns. The study samples included 751 cases with isolated CPO, 1196 matched controls and 57\u00a0231 population controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal diseases during pregnancy in cases and population controls were compared, and adjusted ORs with 95% CI were calculated in a multivariable unconditional logistic regression model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Beyond the well\u2010known robust female excess (58.9%)\u2014maternal smoking (OR with 95% CI: 2.34, 1.94\u20102.81) medically recorded maternal anaemia, threatened abortion and excessive vomiting in pregnancy were associated with a higher risk for CPO in the offspring. An elevated risk was found in Graves\u2019 disease (OR: 4.30, 1.74\u201010.62), epilepsy (OR: 4.64, 2.44\u20108.82), migraine (OR: 2.82, 1.18\u20106.76) and essential hypertension (OR: 2.33, 1.32\u20104.10). Among acute diseases common cold (OR: 4.94, 3.48\u20107.03), acute respiratory infections (OR: 4.20, 1.49\u201011.82), influenza (OR: 2.95, 1.75\u20104.95), pulpitis (OR: 7.85, 2.80\u201022.03), cholecystitis (OR: 3.15, 1.16\u20108.60), acute urinary tract infections (OR: 4.08, 2.22\u20107.49) and pelvic inflammatory diseases (OR: 3.93, 1.62\u20109.53) during pregnancy also were associated with an increased risk for developing CPO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this study suggest that maternal diseases and lifestyle factors during the first trimester play a significant role in the development of isolated cleft palate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T04:01:30Z","timestamp":1576728090000},"page":"174-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Maternal\u2010related factors in the origin of isolated cleft palate\u2014A population\u2010based case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5736-1072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"\u00c1cs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Semmelweis University Faculty of Dentistry Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorottya","family":"B\u00e1nyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Semmelweis University Faculty of Dentistry Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1lint","family":"Nemes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Semmelweis University Faculty of Dentistry Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kriszti\u00e1n","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1<sup>st<\/sup> Department of Paediatrics Semmelweis University School of Medicine Budapest Hungary"},{"name":"OMFS\u2010IMPATH KU Research Group Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00e1ndor","family":"\u00c1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Semmelweis University School of Medicine Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferenc","family":"B\u00e1nhidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Semmelweis University School of Medicine Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"No\u00e9mi","family":"R\u00f3zsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Semmelweis University Faculty of Dentistry Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.10088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Horv\u00e1th\u2010Puh\u00f3E.Epidemiological analysis of orofacial clefts [dissertation]. 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