{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:08:09Z","timestamp":1780481289126,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this prospective controlled study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the rapid maxillary expander (RME) and face mask treatment using three\u2010dimensional soft\u2010tissue facial characteristics of pre\u2010pubertal Class III children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>CLIII and non\u2010CLIII groups, both of 32 white children aged 6\u20108\u00a0years participated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Facial surface images were obtained using stereophotogrammetry at T0 and T1 and were superimposed. Landmark\u2010based and surface\u2010based facial parameters were measured, and group differences were quantified (ANOVA; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2265\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CLIII children had less mid\u2010face prominence, shorter lower facial height and protruded mandible when compared to non\u2010CLIII children at T0. At T1, the differences between the groups were not statistically significant, indicating successful correction. After the RME\/face mask treatment, the n\u2010sn and sn\u2010pg distances increased by 1.5\u00a0mm and 2.2\u00a0mm, respectively. The distance from sn to the n\u2010pg line increased by 1\u00a0mm, the n\u2010sn\u2010pg angle decreased by almost 2\u00b0. Pogonion moved downward by 2.5\u00a0mm and posteriorly by 3\u00a0mm. The surface\u2010based measurements between the groups after treatment showed anterior movement in the mid\u2010face region and the upper lip region. The lower lip and chin region moved posteriorly in the CLIII group and anteriorly in the non\u2010CLIII group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>After RME\/face mask treatment, the lower facial height increased, the maxilla moved anteriorly, and the mandible moved posteriorly. Consequently, CLIII children reached the respective values of the non\u2010CLIII children, indicating a harmonious facial appearance of CLIII children. The results have been obtained using non\u2010invasive technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T16:53:01Z","timestamp":1584031981000},"page":"323-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["3D soft\u2010tissue evaluation of a Class III treatment with rapid maxillary expander and face mask in pre\u2010pubertal phase\u2014A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8305-2073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bojana","family":"Krneta \u0110oki\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana 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