{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:21:20Z","timestamp":1791890480211,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthod Craniofacial Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study sought to evaluate the effects of different maxillary protraction methods on the pharyngeal airway in Class III patients with maxillary retrognathia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and Sample Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 59 individuals (31 females and 28 males) with a mean age of 11.38\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.24\u00a0years were included in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010nine treated maxillary retrognathic patients who underwent different protraction methods were evaluated. Twenty patients treated with RME (Rapid Maxillary Expansion) made up the first group, and 20 patients treated with 5\u2010week Alt\u2010RAMEC (Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Constriction) protocol comprised the second group. Lastly, 19 patients on whom face masks with miniplates were applied were included in the skeletal anchorage (SA) group. Sixteen linear and four areal pharyngeal airway measurements were made on lateral cephalograms before and after treatment. Differences between the groups were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean maxillary protraction levels were determined as 2.7, 3.69 and 4.01\u00a0mm in the RME, Alt\u2010RAMEC and SA groups, respectively. In the nasopharynx, AD1\u2010PNS, AD2\u2010PNS, PNS\u2010Ba and PNS\u2010Ho measurements revealed a significant increase in the SA group compared to the other groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). In the oropharynx, PNS\u2010Ep measurement increased significantly in the RME group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). In the total pharyngeal airway area, an increase was detected in the SA, Alt\u2010RAMEC, and RME groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most effective protraction method in terms of pharyngeal airway dimensions, especially in the nasopharynx, is the application of the face mask with skeletal anchorage. A greater increase in vertical airway length (PNS\u2010Ep) was observed with RME.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T08:40:40Z","timestamp":1611823240000},"page":"543-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Determining the short\u2010term effects of different maxillary protraction methods on pharyngeal airway dimensions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6828-8547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burak","family":"Kale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry Antalya Bilim University Antalya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2184-1549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed 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